Kang Joonho, Lee Changkyun, Chung Haejun, Bermel Peter
Department of Artificial Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
Education and Research Group Fostering Convergence IT Engineers, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
Nanophotonics. 2025 Jul 2;14(14):2355-2395. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0159. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Radiative cooling is a passive cooling strategy that leverages thermal radiation to dissipate heat into a cooler environment, offering an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional cooling technologies. Recent advancements in material science and nanophotonics have led to the development of engineered radiative cooling materials with tailored optical and thermal properties. Photonic structures, multilayer films, metamaterials, and polymer-based composites have demonstrated enhanced cooling performance by maximizing solar reflectance and infrared emissivity. These innovations have facilitated scalable, lightweight, and durable cooling solutions suitable for diverse applications, including building envelopes, electronic devices, and urban infrastructure. Nonetheless, several challenges must be solved to achieve widespread commercialization. These include further research into robust and long-lasting materials to address material degradation, innovations in fabrication techniques to reduce cost, design approaches to make more effective use of these materials and processes, and adaptability to hot and humid climates. Ongoing research continues to refine material and structural design, improve manufacturing methods, and expand the range of practical applications. By overcoming these challenges, radiative cooling has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and enhance climate resilience, positioning itself as a crucial component of future sustainable cooling technologies.
辐射冷却是一种被动冷却策略，它利用热辐射将热量散发到温度较低的环境中，为传统冷却技术提供了一种节能且环保的替代方案。材料科学和纳米光子学的最新进展促使了具有定制光学和热学特性的工程辐射冷却材料的开发。光子结构、多层薄膜、超材料和聚合物基复合材料通过最大化太阳反射率和红外发射率，展现出了增强的冷却性能。这些创新推动了适用于多种应用的可扩展、轻质且耐用的冷却解决方案的发展，包括建筑围护结构、电子设备和城市基础设施。尽管如此，要实现广泛商业化仍需解决若干挑战。这些挑战包括进一步研究坚固耐用的材料以应对材料降解问题、创新制造技术以降低成本、设计方法以更有效地利用这些材料和工艺，以及适应炎热潮湿气候。正在进行的研究不断完善材料和结构设计、改进制造方法并扩大实际应用范围。通过克服这些挑战，辐射冷却有潜力显著降低能源消耗并增强气候适应能力，并成为未来可持续冷却技术的关键组成部分。
