Sade Dagan, Breuer Gilli, Juravel Ksenia, Jasinska Weronika, Arzi Aviel, Sade Nir, Brotman Yariv, Harel Yael Meller, Covo Shay, Levy Maggie, Bar-Gal Gila Kahila
The Wildlife CryoBank, The National Natural History Collections of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond Y. Safra Campus in Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100001, Israel.
iScience. 2025 Jun 13;28(7):112904. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112904. eCollection 2025 Jul 18.
The Green Revolution (GR) profoundly altered plant-microorganism interactions through widespread agrochemical use and crop breeding. Phytopathogenic fungi present major challenges to agriculture by reducing yield and quality, increasing production costs, and impacting food security and environmental sustainability. Historical biological collections preserving pre-GR diversity are key to understanding how modern intensive agriculture has shaped these interactions. In this study, we revived two strains from the early 1940s and performed phenotypic, genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Comparisons with modern strains revealed significant differences, including adaptations likely driven by fungicide use and environmental pressures such as host-specific pathogenicity and pH tolerance. Our findings highlight the value of natural history collections and demonstrate how archived pathogens can be revisited with advanced omic technologies to reveal long-term ecological and evolutionary changes. These insights are crucial for plant disease management, outbreak prediction, biodiversity conservation, and advancing sustainable agriculture practices.
绿色革命（GR）通过广泛使用农用化学品和作物育种深刻改变了植物与微生物的相互作用。植物病原真菌通过降低产量和品质、增加生产成本以及影响粮食安全和环境可持续性，给农业带来了重大挑战。保存绿色革命前多样性的历史生物标本对于理解现代集约化农业如何塑造这些相互作用至关重要。在本研究中，我们复苏了两株20世纪40年代早期的菌株，并进行了表型、基因组、转录组和代谢组分析。与现代菌株的比较揭示了显著差异，包括可能由杀菌剂使用以及宿主特异性致病性和pH耐受性等环境压力驱动的适应性变化。我们的研究结果凸显了自然历史标本的价值，并展示了如何利用先进的组学技术重新审视存档的病原体，以揭示长期的生态和进化变化。这些见解对于植物病害管理、疫情预测、生物多样性保护以及推进可持续农业实践至关重要。
