Su Qianwei, Xue Yunyun, Wang Chuyao, Zhou Qirong, Zhao Yu, Su Jiacan, Zhu Baoku
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ERC of Membrane Water Treatment (MOE), Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization (MOE), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
International Joint Innovation Center, International Research Center for Functional Polymers, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China.
Bioact Mater. 2025 Jul 9;53:114-140. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.07.009. eCollection 2025 Nov.
Bacterial infections and biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance continue to pose significant challenges in biomedical applications, often resulting in device-related complications and therapeutic failures. To address these concerns, the development of antibacterial surface-engineered biomaterials has become a major research focus, offering localized, non-systemic strategies to combat microbial contamination. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in antibacterial surfaces, with a focus on their mechanisms of action, design principles, and functional performance. Strategies are discussed within the widely recognized categories of active, passive, and hybrid systems. Active surfaces function through agent release or contact-mediated killing, while passive surfaces inhibit bacterial adhesion by modulating surface topography or chemistry. Hybrid systems integrate both mechanisms to achieve synergistic effects. The review also highlights current and emerging applications in medical implants, wound care, and hygienic textiles. Finally, key limitations and future opportunities are critically examined, offering insights into the rational design and clinical translation of next-generation antibacterial biomaterials.
细菌感染和生物膜相关的抗生素耐药性在生物医学应用中仍然构成重大挑战，常常导致与器械相关的并发症和治疗失败。为了解决这些问题，抗菌表面工程生物材料的开发已成为主要研究重点，提供了局部、非全身性的策略来对抗微生物污染。本文综述对抗菌表面的最新进展进行了全面概述，重点关注其作用机制、设计原则和功能性能。在广泛认可的主动、被动和混合系统类别中讨论了相关策略。主动表面通过药剂释放或接触介导的杀伤发挥作用，而被动表面则通过调节表面形貌或化学性质来抑制细菌粘附。混合系统整合了这两种机制以实现协同效应。本文综述还强调了在医疗植入物、伤口护理和卫生纺织品方面的当前及新兴应用。最后，对关键限制和未来机遇进行了批判性审视，为下一代抗菌生物材料的合理设计和临床转化提供了见解。
