Agustin Widya Saputri, Prastika Herlin Ari, Kendrasti Gading Kaila, Fajriyah Rohmatul, Le-Quy Vang
Study Program in Statistics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Master Program in Statistics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2025 May 21;21:e17450179375982. doi: 10.2174/0117450179375982250512114928. eCollection 2025.
Depression is a major public health issue worldwide, ranking fourth among global diseases in 2022 according to the WHO. In Indonesia, the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) reported that over 12 million individuals aged 15 and above suffer from depression. Identifying regional disparities in depression prevalence is essential to guide targeted mental health policies and interventions.
This study employed the Natural Breaks Jenks classification to cluster depression prevalence across Indonesian provinces using data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey. This method effectively grouped provinces based on natural data patterns, enabling the identification of regions with low, medium, high, and very high depression prevalence.
The analysis revealed significant regional disparities. Eighteen provinces, including Papua, Maluku, and several Sulawesi regions, were classified as having low depression prevalence. Eleven provinces, such as Aceh, Bali, and Kalimantan Timur, fell into the medium category. Six provinces-including DKI Jakarta, Banten, and Sumatera Selatan-exhibited high prevalence rates, possibly due to urbanization and socio-economic factors. Critically, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, and Jawa Timur were identified as having very high depression prevalence, suggesting urgent needs for intervention.
These findings underscore the need for geographically targeted mental health strategies. Provinces with very high prevalence require prioritized attention for mental health services, infrastructure, and resource allocation. Understanding local socio-economic and cultural contexts will be crucial in reducing disparities and improving national mental health outcomes.
These results indicate that Indonesia has a higher number of provinces with low depression prevalence compared to those with high prevalence. This suggests that while there are regions with lower rates of depression, there are still significant areas where mental health issues need more focused attention. Given this, the government should prioritize provinces with very high depression prevalence to improve mental health outcomes in those areas. By focusing on these regions, the government can better allocate resources, implement targeted interventions, and provide necessary mental health services. Addressing the mental health needs of provinces with high depression rates is essential for reducing overall national mental health disparities and ensuring equitable access to mental health support across Indonesia. Additionally, understanding the socio-economic and cultural factors that contribute to higher depression rates in these regions will be crucial in designing effective and sustainable mental health programs.
抑郁症是一个全球性的重大公共卫生问题，根据世界卫生组织的数据，在2022年全球疾病中排名第四。在印度尼西亚，2018年基本卫生研究（Riskesdas）报告称，超过1200万15岁及以上的人患有抑郁症。识别抑郁症患病率的地区差异对于指导有针对性的心理健康政策和干预措施至关重要。
本研究采用自然间断点分级法（Natural Breaks Jenks classification），利用2023年印度尼西亚健康调查的数据，对印度尼西亚各省的抑郁症患病率进行聚类。这种方法根据自然数据模式有效地对各省进行了分组，从而能够识别出抑郁症患病率低、中、高和非常高的地区。
分析揭示了显著的地区差异。包括巴布亚、马鲁古和几个苏拉威西地区在内的18个省份被归类为抑郁症患病率低。亚齐、巴厘和东加里曼丹等11个省份属于中等类别。包括雅加达特区、万丹和南苏门答腊在内的6个省份患病率较高，这可能是由于城市化和社会经济因素。至关重要的是，西爪哇、中爪哇和东爪哇被确定为抑郁症患病率非常高，这表明迫切需要进行干预。
这些发现强调了针对地理区域制定心理健康策略的必要性。患病率非常高的省份需要在心理健康服务、基础设施和资源分配方面得到优先关注。了解当地的社会经济和文化背景对于减少差异和改善国家心理健康状况至关重要。
这些结果表明，与抑郁症患病率高的省份相比，印度尼西亚抑郁症患病率低的省份数量更多。这表明虽然存在抑郁症发病率较低的地区，但仍有许多重要地区的心理健康问题需要更集中的关注。鉴于此，政府应优先关注抑郁症患病率非常高的省份，以改善这些地区的心理健康状况。通过关注这些地区，政府可以更好地分配资源、实施有针对性的干预措施并提供必要的心理健康服务。满足抑郁症患病率高的省份的心理健康需求对于减少全国总体心理健康差异以及确保印度尼西亚各地公平获得心理健康支持至关重要。此外，了解导致这些地区抑郁症患病率较高的社会经济和文化因素对于设计有效且可持续的心理健康项目至关重要。
