Bakishev Temirlan, Amirgazin Asylulan, Kuibagarov Marat, Shevtsov Alexander, Bakisheva Zhanar, Yessembekova Gulzhan, Kairzhanova Alma, Kadyrov Ablaikhan, Guo Kui, Wang Xiaojun, Abdrakhmanov Sarsenbay, Borovikov Sergey
Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Vet World. 2025 Jun;18(6):1571-1580. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.1571-1580. Epub 2025 Jun 16.
Abortusequi is a significant etiological agent of equine abortions, yet limited genomic data exist, particularly in Central Asia. This study aimed to perform the first genome-wide characterization and phylogenetic analysis of three . Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in different regions of Kazakhstan.
Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on three isolates using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Genomic assemblies were annotated using SPAdes and Prokka, while phenotypic traits were predicted through BioNumerics. Antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, and prophage elements were identified using established databases. Phylogenetic relationships were examined through whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis against a global panel of . Abortusequi and related serovars.
All isolates displayed high genomic similarity and were classified as subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi with an antigenic profile of 4:a:e,n,x. Twelve Salmonella pathogenicity islands and three prophages were identified, with ST64B present in all isolates. The ac(6')-Iaa gene, which confers resistance to aminoglycosides, was detected in all strains. Each genome encoded 101-109 virulence factors, with 94 conserved across isolates. wgSNP analysis confirmed close phylogenetic clustering of the Kazakh strains, with regional variation between northern and southern isolates. Prophage-associated virulence elements, particularly virulence factor protein (SseK), were also documented.
This study reveals the genetic uniformity and virulence potential of . Abortusequi strains circulating in Kazakhstan. The presence of conserved resistance and virulence genes, including prophage-encoded elements, underscores the pathogenic risk posed by these isolates. These findings contribute valuable genomic data for surveillance, diagnosis, and control of salmonellosis in equine populations. Despite the limited sample size, the study establishes a foundation for future genomic epidemiological studies and targeted disease mitigation strategies.
流产沙门氏菌是马流产的重要病原，但基因组数据有限，尤其是在中亚地区。本研究旨在对从哈萨克斯坦不同地区马流产病例中分离出的三株流产沙门氏菌进行首次全基因组特征分析和系统发育分析。
使用Illumina MiSeq平台对三株分离株进行全基因组测序。基因组组装使用SPAdes和Prokka进行注释，而表型特征通过BioNumerics进行预测。利用已建立的数据库鉴定抗菌药物耐药基因、毒力因子和前噬菌体元件。通过针对全球流产沙门氏菌及相关血清型的全基因组单核苷酸多态性（wgSNP）分析来研究系统发育关系。
所有分离株显示出高度的基因组相似性，被分类为肠炎沙门氏菌亚属血清型流产沙门氏菌，抗原谱为4:a:e,n,x。鉴定出12个沙门氏菌致病岛和3个前噬菌体，所有分离株中均存在ST64B。在所有菌株中均检测到赋予对氨基糖苷类耐药性的ac(6')-Iaa基因。每个基因组编码101 - 109个毒力因子，各分离株中有94个是保守的。wgSNP分析证实哈萨克斯坦菌株在系统发育上紧密聚类，南北分离株之间存在区域差异。还记录了与前噬菌体相关的毒力元件，特别是毒力因子蛋白（SseK）。
本研究揭示了哈萨克斯坦流行的流产沙门氏菌菌株的遗传一致性和毒力潜力。保守的耐药和毒力基因的存在，包括前噬菌体编码元件，强调了这些分离株所带来的致病风险。这些发现为马群中沙门氏菌病的监测、诊断和控制提供了有价值的基因组数据。尽管样本量有限，但本研究为未来的基因组流行病学研究和针对性的疾病缓解策略奠定了基础。
