Anad Muhammad Faris, Shareef Abdulkareem, Jyothi S Renuka, Kumar Sachin, Chauhan Ashish Singh, Gautam Apurav, Ashurova Maksuda, Sameer Hayder Naji, Yaseen Ahmed, Athab Zainab H, Adil Mohaned, Abrari Ayda, Mohammadifard Mahyar
College of Pharmacy, Alnoor University, Nineveh, Iraq.
Pharmacy, Ahl al bayt University, Karbala, Iraq.
Immunol Invest. 2025 Oct;54(7):1012-1063. doi: 10.1080/08820139.2025.2529970. Epub 2025 Jul 21.
Colon cancer is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with significant global incidence and mortality. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in disease progression and treatment response. Among key components of the TME are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs) and effector T cells, whose balance influences cancer outcomes.
This review analyzes recent findings regarding the role of Treg cells in colon cancer progression by evaluating preclinical and clinical studies that explore immune cell composition, function, and modulation within the TME.
Treg cells demonstrate a dual role in colon cancer. While they suppress effective anti-tumor immune responses, facilitating immune evasion, they may also mitigate chronic inflammation, which contributes to carcinogenesis. High intratumoral Treg levels are correlated with poor prognosis, reduced immunotherapy efficacy, and lower overall survival. Strategies to deplete or reprogram Tregs, such as immune checkpoint inhibition, modulation of T cell plasticity, and selective targeting, have shown promise in enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
Complete depletion of Tregs risks inducing autoimmune toxicity. Therefore, a precise understanding of Treg cell subsets and functions is essential. This review highlights the importance of developing targeted immunotherapeutic strategies that modulate Treg activity while preserving immune homeostasis in colon cancer treatment.
结肠癌是一种高度异质性的恶性肿瘤，在全球范围内具有显著的发病率和死亡率。肿瘤微环境（TME）在疾病进展和治疗反应中起关键作用。肿瘤微环境的关键组成部分包括肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TILs），特别是调节性T细胞（Tregs）和效应T细胞，它们之间的平衡影响癌症的转归。
本综述通过评估探索肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞组成、功能和调节的临床前和临床研究，分析了关于调节性T细胞在结肠癌进展中作用的最新研究结果。
调节性T细胞在结肠癌中表现出双重作用。虽然它们抑制有效的抗肿瘤免疫反应，促进免疫逃逸，但它们也可能减轻导致致癌作用的慢性炎症。肿瘤内调节性T细胞水平高与预后不良、免疫治疗疗效降低和总生存期缩短相关。耗竭或重编程调节性T细胞的策略，如免疫检查点抑制、T细胞可塑性调节和选择性靶向，在增强抗肿瘤免疫方面已显示出前景。
完全耗竭调节性T细胞有引发自身免疫毒性的风险。因此，精确了解调节性T细胞亚群和功能至关重要。本综述强调了在结肠癌治疗中制定靶向免疫治疗策略的重要性，这些策略在调节调节性T细胞活性的同时维持免疫稳态。
