Radiation-free 3D assessment of back height differences via three-dimensional depth sensing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: prospective, single-center, observational study.

PURPOSE

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional (3D) spinal deformity that can lead to serious physical and psychological effects, making early and accurate detection essential. Back height difference (BHD) represents a promising parameter for non-invasive scoliosis assessment using 3D depth-sensing systems. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and clinical utility of BHD using a 3D depth-sensing imaging system to assess AIS and its correlation with clinical indicators.

METHODS

This study is a prospective, single-center, observational study. Thirty-six patients with AIS were enrolled to compare the reliability between the scoliosis measuring scale and a 3D depth-sensing imaging system. Additionally, 128 patients were included to evaluate the correlation of BHD with the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) and the Cobb angle.

RESULTS

BHD showed excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.90), strong correlation with ATR (R ≤ 0.874; p < 0.001), and moderate correlation with Cobb angle (R ≤ 0.653; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed the highest correlation in thoracic curves. BHD was sensitive in detecting advanced deformities and maintained strong correlations in mild curves.

CONCLUSION

Although not a substitute for radiographs, BHD provides a radiation-free tool for early AIS screening and management, with good reproducibility and alignment with radiographic and trunk rotation measures. Notably, its radiation-free nature aids in reducing exposure among pediatric cohorts.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT06717568 (20241205).