Weiss Jasmine, Galloway Evan, Mugi Sai Meghana, Young Jessica, Fraher Erin, Latimore Darin, Genao Inginia
Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill.
Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.
JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jul 1;8(7):e2522154. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.22154.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) play a pivotal role in higher education and the physician career path in the US. Studies have highlighted the importance of HBCU medical schools in the training of Black physicians. However, little is known about the contributions of HBCU undergraduate institutions to the medical school pathway over the past 30 years.
To describe trends in Black HBCU undergraduate students' medical school application and acceptance rates from 1980 to 2022.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This descriptive cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Association of American Medical Colleges from 1980 to 2022 on medical school applicantions and acceptances, as well as National Center for Education Statistics data on Black bachelor's degree recipients (1990-2020). Data were analyzed from August to December 2023.
The number and proportion of medical school applicants and accepted students were compared over time for Black students who completed their undergraduate training at HBCUs vs non-HBCUs.
The study population included 1 666 145 total applicants (754 580 female [45.3%]; 146 852 Black [8.8%]). Between 1990 and 2020, Black bachelor's degree recipients from HBCUs increased by 50% (from 17 930 to 26 944 recipients), while those from non-HBCUs rose 271% (from 48 445 to 179 583 recipients). Black representation among medical school applicants grew from 7.2% in 1980 (2490 of 34 369 applicants) to 11.5% (5895 of 51 385 applicants) in 2022. From 1990 to 2017, Black HBCU graduates made up a higher proportion of Black medical school applicants, but from 2018 to 2020, non-HBCU graduates contributed more to the applicant pool. Throughout the study period, Black HBCU applicants had consistently lower medical school acceptance rates than their non-HBCU counterparts.
This cross-sectional study found that while HBCUs consistently produced a significant portion of Black medical school applicants, Black HBCU graduates faced lower medical school acceptance rates compared with their non-HBCU peers. Underinvestment in HBCUs and potential biases within medical school admissions may contribute to these challenges, limiting the full potential of HBCU students in diversifying the physician workforce; addressing these disparities through HBCU support, partnerships, and funding could enhance pathways to medical careers for Black students and contribute to achieving greater health equity.
历史悠久的黑人学院和大学（HBCUs）在美国高等教育和医生职业发展道路中发挥着关键作用。研究强调了HBCU医学院校在培养黑人医生方面的重要性。然而，在过去30年里，关于HBCU本科院校对医学院校申请途径的贡献却知之甚少。
描述1980年至2022年黑人HBCU本科学生的医学院校申请和录取率趋势。
设计、背景和参与者：这项描述性横断面研究分析了美国医学院协会1980年至2022年关于医学院校申请和录取的数据，以及美国国家教育统计中心关于黑人学士学位获得者（1990 - 2020年）的数据。数据于2023年8月至12月进行分析。
比较了在HBCUs与非HBCUs完成本科培训的黑人学生随着时间推移医学院校申请者和被录取学生的数量及比例。
研究人群包括1666145名总申请者（754580名女性[45.3%]；146852名黑人[8.8%]）。1990年至2020年期间，HBCUs的黑人学士学位获得者增加了50%（从17930名获得者增至26944名），而非HBCUs的获得者增长了271%（从48445名增至179583名）。医学院校申请者中的黑人比例从1980年的7.2%（34369名申请者中的2490名）增长到2022年的11.5%（51385名申请者中的5895名）。1990年至2017年，HBCU毕业的黑人在黑人医学院校申请者中占比更高，但2018年至2020年，非HBCU毕业的学生对申请者群体的贡献更大。在整个研究期间，HBCU的黑人申请者的医学院校录取率一直低于非HBCU的同行。
这项横断面研究发现，虽然HBCUs一直培养出相当一部分黑人医学院校申请者，但与非HBCU的同龄人相比，HBCU毕业的黑人面临着更低的医学院校录取率。对HBCUs的投资不足以及医学院校招生过程中可能存在的偏见可能导致了这些挑战，限制了HBCU学生在使医生队伍多元化方面的全部潜力；通过支持HBCUs、建立伙伴关系和提供资金来解决这些差距，可能会改善黑人学生的医学职业发展途径，并有助于实现更大的健康公平。
