Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Oct 1;7(10):e2440887. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.40887.
There remains a lack of representation of Black physicians in the physician workforce despite decades of national efforts to increase diversity. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) contribute to increasing representation in the workforce in the US. There is limited literature exploring the experiences of HBCU premedical students navigating the journey to medical school.
To examine barriers to and facilitators of medical school matriculation among Black students by exploring the perspectives of premedical student advisers at HBCUs.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this qualitative study, HBCU advisers participated in a focus group in October 2019 or in semistructured interviews from January 2020 to March 2021. Using purposive sampling, premedical student advisers were recruited from different educational backgrounds and geographic locations and conducted 1-on-1 interviews. Data analysis was performed from March 2021 to March 2022.
The main outcome was the experiences of HBCU premedical students navigating to medical school from the perspective of premedical advisers. An inductive approach to generate codes from the interviews and the focus groups was applied by reviewing transcripts and noting concepts and themes associated with advising strategies and student experiences.
Among the 26 participants, 18 (69.2%) were female, 13 (50.0%) had a doctorate degree, and 8 (30.8%) had more than 10 years of experience as advisers. Participants described 3 major themes: (1) the complex institutional relationship dynamics between undergraduate HBCUs and medical schools, (2) concerns about preferential treatment for students from predominantly white undergraduate schools when accessing clinical shadowing opportunities, and (3) the "it takes a village mindset" emphasizing family and peer involvement.
In this qualitative study, barriers to medical school matriculation included concerns for the preferential treatment of students from predominantly white institutions when engaging with medical schools and a lack of access to clinical opportunities for HBCU students. The findings suggest that medical schools should continue to build collaborative partnerships with HBCUs to ensure equitable access to opportunities that prepare students for medical school.
尽管几十年来国家一直在努力增加多样性，但在医生劳动力中仍然缺乏黑人医生的代表。历史上的黑人学院和大学（HBCUs）有助于增加美国劳动力中的代表性。关于 HBCU 医预学生在通往医学院的道路上的经历，文献有限。
通过探索 HBCU 医预学生顾问的观点，研究黑人学生入医学院的障碍和促进因素。
设计、地点和参与者：在这项定性研究中，HBCU 顾问于 2019 年 10 月参加了焦点小组，或于 2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 3 月期间参加了半结构式访谈。使用目的性抽样，从不同的教育背景和地理位置招募医预学生顾问，并进行了一对一的访谈。数据分析于 2021 年 3 月至 2022 年 3 月进行。
主要结果是从医预学生顾问的角度了解 HBCU 医预学生进入医学院的经历。通过审查访谈和焦点小组的记录，并注意与咨询策略和学生经历相关的概念和主题，应用了一种归纳方法从记录中生成代码。
在 26 名参与者中，18 名（69.2%）为女性，13 名（50.0%）拥有博士学位，8 名（30.8%）拥有超过 10 年的顾问经验。参与者描述了 3 个主要主题：（1）本科 HBCU 与医学院之间复杂的机构关系动态，（2）对来自白人为主的本科学校的学生在获得临床实习机会时获得优待的担忧，以及（3）“一个村庄的心态”强调家庭和同伴的参与。
在这项定性研究中，入医学院的障碍包括对来自白人为主的机构的学生在与医学院交往时获得优待的担忧，以及 HBCU 学生获得临床机会的不足。研究结果表明，医学院应继续与 HBCU 建立合作关系，以确保公平获得为学生准备医学院的机会。
