Ciuffi Benedetta, Salimbeni Andrea, Vita Erika De, Pezzati Niccolò, Rizzo Andrea M, Chiaramonti David, Rosi Luca
Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Renewable Energy Consortium for Research and Demonstration, Viale Kennedy 182, 50038 Scarperia e San Piero, Italy.
Waste Manag. 2025 Aug;205:115013. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115013. Epub 2025 Jul 20.
In Europe, 12.6 million tons of textile waste are generated annually (European Commission - Press release, Circular economy for textiles, 2023), and most of them are incinerated or landfilled. The sustainable recycling of textile residues is a key challenge worldwide and thermochemical processes are promising solutions to transform textiles into added-value products. This study examines slow pyrolysis at pilot scale, by processing two textile waste samples with high (TXN) and low (TX) nitrogen content, to evaluate the impact of nitrogen on pyrolysis process and reaction products. The tests showed that textile waste can be turned into a coal-like product, with a mass yield from 24.7 to 29.1 % wt db. Both the chars had a high C content (TX: 85.66 % wt db; TXN: 80.62 % wt db.) and calorific value (TX: 32.74 MJ/kg db; 31.55 MJ/kg db), comparable with anthracite. The char from TX showed a high surface area (319 m/g), not found in that from TXN (12 m/g). The oil fraction obtained from TX showed a high concentration of benzoic acid (227 g/l), while a lower concentration was found in the oil fraction from TXN (55 g/l). Both fractions contained furans, acetic acids, ketones, and aromatic compounds. Results suggested that the nitrogen content of textile waste does not affect the energy and mass balance of the process, while it has an impact on the composition of the char and on the oil. Regardless the N-content, study shows that slow pyrolysis can turn textile waste into a high value coal-like material, and into an oil fraction suitable for chemicals extraction.
在欧洲，每年产生1260万吨纺织废料（欧盟委员会——新闻稿，《纺织品循环经济》，2023年），其中大部分被焚烧或填埋。纺织废料的可持续回收是全球面临的一项关键挑战，热化学工艺是将纺织品转化为高附加值产品的有前景的解决方案。本研究通过对两种氮含量高（TXN）和低（TX）的纺织废料样本进行中试规模的慢速热解，来评估氮对热解过程和反应产物的影响。测试表明，纺织废料可以转化为一种类似煤的产品，质量产率为24.7%至29.1%（重量干基）。两种焦炭都有较高的碳含量（TX：85.66%重量干基；TXN：80.62%重量干基）和热值（TX：32.74兆焦/千克干基；TXN：31.55兆焦/千克干基），与无烟煤相当。TX产生的焦炭具有较高的比表面积（319平方米/克），而TXN产生的焦炭中未发现此比表面积（12平方米/克）。从TX获得的油相中苯甲酸浓度较高（227克/升），而从TXN获得的油相中浓度较低（55克/升）。两种油相都含有呋喃、乙酸、酮和芳香族化合物。结果表明，纺织废料的氮含量不影响该过程的能量和质量平衡，但会影响焦炭的组成和油相的组成。无论氮含量如何，研究表明慢速热解可将纺织废料转化为高价值的类似煤的材料，以及适合化学提取的油相。
