Trahan Zeringue Chelsea, Chirdon William M, Sharp Wayne, Gang Daniel, Khattab Ahmed, Hernandez Rafael, Holmes William, Zappi Mark E
Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, USA.
Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Sep;391:126497. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126497. Epub 2025 Jul 20.
In recent years, wood-based composites bonded with adhesives of conventional resins containing formaldehyde have raised concerns as corporations are becoming environmentally conscious and fossil fuels are in high demand. A new generation of adhesives are being developed from natural renewable biomass resources with considerable protein concentrations. In this study, wastewater treatment plant-activated sludge and biosolids are formulated into bio-adhesives via protein denaturation. Three urban-based biomass sources, consisting of waste-activated sludge, biosolids, and dewatered biosolids, were used to produce adhesives via alkaline denaturation of the present proteins. The mechanical properties of the produced adhesive were evaluated via lap shear testing. A fiberboard material was also generated using the formulated adhesives to analyze the practical application of the adhesives as binding materials. It was found that the waste adhesives possess significant bonding strength in relation to single lap shear testing, for each of the waste sludge feedstocks resulting in adhesive strengths nearing 700-1200 kPa which signifies potential as an applicable protein-based adhesive. Through small soy additions, the waste sludge adhesive formulations neared 2500 kPa detailing a lessened environmental burden of crops utilized for protein-based adhesive formulations. The prepared fiberboard also contained flexural mechanical properties in comparison to soy-based formulations, resulting in an average modulus of elasticity of 187 MPa, an average modulus of rupture of 5.6 MPa, and an average internal bond strength of 39.6 kPa. Although strength was sensitive to denaturant concentration as well as sample location, the resultant fiberboard has the potential for further application.
近年来，随着企业环保意识的提高以及对化石燃料的高需求，用含甲醛的传统树脂粘合剂粘结的木质复合材料引发了人们的关注。新一代粘合剂正从含有大量蛋白质的天然可再生生物质资源中开发出来。在本研究中，通过蛋白质变性将污水处理厂的活性污泥和生物固体配制成生物粘合剂。使用三种城市生物质来源，即废弃活性污泥、生物固体和脱水生物固体，通过现有蛋白质的碱性变性来生产粘合剂。通过搭接剪切试验评估所生产粘合剂的机械性能。还使用配制好的粘合剂制造了一种纤维板材料，以分析该粘合剂作为粘结材料的实际应用。结果发现，对于每种废弃污泥原料，废弃粘合剂在单搭接剪切试验中具有显著的粘结强度，导致粘结强度接近700 - 1200 kPa，这表明其作为一种适用的蛋白质基粘合剂具有潜力。通过添加少量大豆，废弃污泥粘合剂配方的粘结强度接近2500 kPa，这减少了用于蛋白质基粘合剂配方的农作物的环境负担。与大豆基配方相比，制备的纤维板还具有弯曲机械性能，平均弹性模量为187 MPa，平均断裂模量为5.6 MPa，平均内结合强度为39.6 kPa。尽管强度对变性剂浓度以及样品位置敏感，但所得纤维板仍有进一步应用的潜力。
