Tecles Fernando, Martínez-Martínez Andrea, Crespo-Piazuelo Daniel, López-Martínez María José, Yeste-Vizcaíno Natalia, Goyena Elena, Cerón José Joaquín, Martinez-Subiela Silvia, González-Bulnes Antonio, Muñoz-Prieto Alberto
Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
Agropecuaria Casas Nuevas, 30320, Fuente Álamo, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 21;15(1):26440. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10203-x.
Saliva is gaining importance as a complementary or alternative sample to serum for biomarker analysis. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the possible relations between saliva and serum in health and disease. In this report, a total of 21 biomarkers were studied in saliva and serum from three groups of healthy pigs with different ages (T0, recently weaned pigs, 15 females and 15 males; T1, intermediate nursery, 15 females and 15 males; and T2, fattening period, 15 females and 15 males) and in a group of animals with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pp.) infection (intermediate nursery, 20 females). Sex of the animals did not significantly influence the results in either saliva or serum from healthy animals. In healthy pigs, the α-amylase (AA), ferric reducing ability (FRA), Urea, Triglycerides, Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorous (P) showed a similar dynamic in saliva and serum across fattening, whereas Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), Adenosine deaminase (ADA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), C-reactive protein (CRP), Haptoglobin (Hp), Total protein (TP), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Ferritin, the Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), Uric acid (UA), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamil transferase (gGT) showed a different dynamic between serum and saliva. In pigs with A. pp infection, saliva showed significant changes in more analytes than serum, with AA, ADA, MPO, AST, LDH and Ca showing significant increases only in saliva. Differences in sensitivity to detect A. pp. infection were found in some selected analytes between saliva and serum. Biomarkers can show different changes in saliva and serum depending on age, and they can show different responses to disease between saliva and serum.
唾液作为生物标志物分析的血清补充或替代样本正变得越来越重要。然而，对于健康和疾病状态下唾液与血清之间可能存在的关系，人们仍然缺乏了解。在本报告中，对三组不同年龄的健康猪（T0，刚断奶仔猪，15只雌性和15只雄性；T1，保育中期，15只雌性和15只雄性；T2，育肥期，15只雌性和15只雄性）以及一组感染胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（A. pp.）的动物（保育中期，20只雌性）的唾液和血清中的总共21种生物标志物进行了研究。动物的性别对健康动物唾液或血清中的结果均无显著影响。在健康猪中，α-淀粉酶（AA）、铁还原能力（FRA）、尿素、甘油三酯、钙（Ca）和磷（P）在育肥过程中唾液和血清呈现相似的动态变化，而丁酰胆碱酯酶（BChE）、腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、触珠蛋白（Hp）、总蛋白（TP）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、铁蛋白、晚期氧化蛋白产物（AOPP）、尿酸（UA）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和γ-谷氨酰转移酶（gGT）在血清和唾液之间呈现不同动态变化。在感染A. pp.的猪中，唾液中显示出显著变化的分析物比血清更多，AA、ADA、MPO、AST、LDH和Ca仅在唾液中显示出显著增加。在唾液和血清之间的一些选定分析物中发现了检测A. pp.感染的敏感性差异。生物标志物在唾液和血清中的变化可能因年龄而异，并且它们在唾液和血清中对疾病的反应可能不同。
