Genetic variability in sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor effect on glycemic and pressure control in type 2 diabetes patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RA in the everyday clinical practice.

AIM

We investigated the impact of genetic polymorphisms in the and genes on the response to treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SLGT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in everyday clinical practice.

METHODS

In our prospective interventional cohort open-label real-world genetic association study (DRKS-ID: DRKS00034478, https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00034478), we enrolled 161 clinically well-defined T2DM patients who received SGLT2 inhibitors and/or GLP-1R agonists alongside other medications for 3-6 months. The study's primary outcomes (HbA1c, body mass, and blood pressure) were measured before the treatment and at the follow-up at 3-6 months. rs6923761, rs10305420, and rs9934336 genotypes were determined by competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. In patients receiving GLP-1R agonists, we analyzed the effect of polymorphisms on the patients' response to treatment, while in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors, we analyzed the impact of the polymorphism on the treatment effect.

RESULTS

Treatment with prescribed antihyperglycemic drugs improved all primary outcomes (p < 0.050). The normal rs6923761 G allele was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c with GLP-1R agonists treatment than the polymorphic A allele in the dominant model (p = 0.029).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalent polymorphic A allele of rs6923761 polymorphism was associated with the clinically relevant lower glycemic response to GLP-1R agonists. The described impact extends to everyday clinical practice, indicating that knowledge of these genetic polymorphisms could facilitate the development of targeted and personalized therapy in managing T2DM.