Golzarand Mahdieh, Moslehi Nazanin, Aghasi Mohadeseh, Mirmiran Parvin, Azizi Fereidoun
Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Shahid Arabi St., Yemen St., Chamran Exp., 193954763, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Food Funct. 2025 Aug 11;16(16):6491-6502. doi: 10.1039/d4fo06072e.
A few cohort studies have assessed the relationship between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and obesity; however, there is a knowledge gap about adiposity. We designed the present cohort study to investigate the relationship between UPF consumption and adult adiposity. The adiposity indices considered in the present study included: waist circumference (WC), WC-to-height ratio (WHtR), Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) index, body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), and visceral adiposity index (VAI). This cohort study included 2734 adults from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Five measurements were available at the baseline (2006-2008) and every three years until the end of follow-up (2018-2023). We applied the NOVA food classification to estimate our population's consumption of UPFs in servings per day. We used mixed linear regression to assess the association between the tertiles of UPFs as servings per day and changes in adiposity indices. The dose-response relationship between UPFs (serving per day) and outcomes was determined using a restricted cubic spline model. The mean age of participants was 39.8 years, and 54.1% were women. The median follow-up time was 11.9 years. The results of linear mixed models demonstrated a positive relationship between consumption of UPFs and weight ( = 0.17, < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) ( = 0.05, = 0.002), CUN-BAE index ( = 0.08, < 0.0001), WC ( = 0.16, = 0.001), BRI ( = 0.02, = 0.02), WHtR ( = 0.001, = 0.005), and ABSI ( = 0.00006, = 0.003) in the full model. There was no association between UPFs and the VAI ( = 0.01, = 0.55). In the dose-response analysis, the association increased significantly after five servings per day. When we considered changes in each outcome per year, we found that the annual increases in weight by 0.12 kg, BMI by 0.04 kg m, WC by 0.12 cm, CUN-BAE index by 0.06 unit, BRI by 0.02 unit, and WHtR by 0.001 unit were greater in the third tertile of UPFs compared with the first tertile. Our results support the positive association between UPFs and adiposity indices.
一些队列研究评估了超加工食品（UPF）与肥胖之间的关系；然而，关于肥胖度存在知识空白。我们设计了本队列研究以调查UPF摄入量与成人肥胖度之间的关系。本研究中考虑的肥胖度指标包括：腰围（WC）、腰围身高比（WHtR）、纳瓦拉大学临床人体脂肪估计指数（CUN-BAE）、身体圆润度指数（BRI）、身体形状指数（ABSI）和内脏脂肪指数（VAI）。这项队列研究纳入了来自德黑兰血脂与血糖研究（TLGS）的2734名成年人。在基线期（2006 - 2008年）以及随访结束（2018 - 2023年）前每三年进行一次五次测量。我们应用NOVA食物分类法来估计我们研究人群每天以份数计的UPF摄入量。我们使用混合线性回归来评估每天以份数计的UPF三分位数与肥胖度指标变化之间的关联。使用受限立方样条模型确定UPF（每天份数）与结果之间的剂量反应关系。参与者的平均年龄为39.8岁，54.1%为女性。中位随访时间为11.9年。线性混合模型的结果表明，在全模型中，UPF摄入量与体重（β = 0.17，P < 0.0001）、体重指数（BMI）（β = 0.05，P = 0.002）、CUN-BAE指数（β = 0.08，P < 0.0001）、WC（β = 0.16，P = 0.001）、BRI（β = 0.02，P = 0.02）、WHtR（β = 0.001，P = 0.005）和ABSI（β = 0.00006，P = 0.003）呈正相关。UPF与VAI之间无关联（β = 0.01，P = 0.55）。在剂量反应分析中，每天五份之后关联显著增加。当我们考虑每个结果每年的变化时，我们发现与第一三分位数相比，UPF第三三分位数组的体重每年增加0.12 kg、BMI每年增加0.04 kg/m²、WC每年增加0.12 cm、CUN-BAE指数每年增加0.06单位、BRI每年增加0.02单位以及WHtR每年增加0.001单位更多。我们的结果支持UPF与肥胖度指标之间的正相关关系。
