Gonçalves Silva Cynthia, Saunders Claudia, da Cruz Rangel Luiz Felipe, Alegre de Matos Alessandra, Martins Teixeira Francisco, Gonçalves Ribeiro Beatriz
Graduate Program in Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences, Institute of Food and Nutrition, Multidisciplinary Center - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil.
Research Group on Maternal and Child Health, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2025 Mar;131:112638. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112638. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
To analyze the impact of the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), excess weight, and dyslipidemia in schoolchildren.
This is a cross-sectional study in which 420 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years from public schools in the municipality of Rio das Ostras, Brazil, were evaluated. Food consumption was assessed using the Previous Day Food Questionnaire (PDFQ-3), and physical activity (PA) was assessed using the Previous Day Physical Activity and Food Questionnaire (PDPAFQ). The following parameters were also evaluated: body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), and non-HDL-cholesterol. All foods and UPF groups were categorized according to the NOVA classification, and UPF consumption was expressed as a score and classified into tertiles. For statistical analysis, binary logistic regression models were tested and crude and adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) for PA were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Among the schoolchildren, 98.2% reported consuming UPFs the previous day. The schoolchildren in the "high consumption" tertile evidenced a higher intake of sugary beverages (SB), bread and savory crackers, and french fries. French fries consumption was higher among schoolchildren in the "high consumption" group compared to those in the lower tertiles (p<0.001). The bread and savory crackers group and yogurt were more consumed by those in the "moderate and high consumption" tertiles compared to the "low consumption" tertile (p<0.001). Schoolchildren in the high consumption tertile were more active (43.75% vs. 20.14%) (p<0.001), while those in the low consumption tertile were less active (44.72% vs. 21.14%) (p<0.001). A high prevalence of dyslipidemia (82.96%), excess weight (30.08%), abdominal obesity (AO) (18.3%), and no direct association between UPF consumption and excess weight and dyslipidemia were observed even after adjustment for PA (p>0.05).
Despite the high prevalence of dyslipidemia, excess weight, and abdominal obesity observed, no direct association between UPF consumption and these conditions was identified. The practical implications of this study highlight the relevance of public policies and educational strategies aimed at promoting healthier eating habits and encouraging the practice of physical activities among school-age children.
分析超加工食品（UPF）消费、超重和血脂异常之间的关联对学童的影响。
这是一项横断面研究，对巴西里约达斯奥斯特拉斯市公立学校的420名6至10岁学童进行了评估。使用前一天食物问卷（PDFQ - 3）评估食物消费情况，使用前一天身体活动和食物问卷（PDPAFQ）评估身体活动（PA）。还评估了以下参数：体重、身高、体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、腰高比（WHtR）；血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL - c）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL - c）和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度。所有食物和UPF组均根据NOVA分类进行分类，UPF消费以分数表示并分为三个等级。为进行统计分析，测试了二元逻辑回归模型，并估计了PA的粗优势比和调整后优势比（OR）以及95%置信区间（CI）。
在这些学童中，98.2%报告前一天食用了UPF。“高消费”等级的学童摄入含糖饮料（SB）、面包和咸味饼干以及炸薯条的量更高。与低等级组相比，“高消费”组的学童炸薯条消费量更高（p<0.001）。与“低消费”等级相比，“中等和高消费”等级的学童食用面包和咸味饼干组以及酸奶的量更多（p<0.001）。“高消费”等级的学童更活跃（43.75%对20.14%）（p<0.001），而“低消费”等级的学童则不太活跃（44.72%对21.14%）（p<0.001）。即使在对PA进行调整后，仍观察到血脂异常患病率较高（82.96%）、超重（30.08%）、腹型肥胖（AO）（18.3%），且未发现UPF消费与超重和血脂异常之间存在直接关联（p>0.05）。
尽管观察到血脂异常、超重和腹型肥胖的患病率较高，但未发现UPF消费与这些情况之间存在直接关联。本研究的实际意义凸显了旨在促进更健康饮食习惯并鼓励学龄儿童进行体育活动的公共政策和教育策略的相关性。
