Vázquez Melissa M, Fowler Lauren A, Zhu Yiqin, Grammer Anne Claire, Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E, Lipson Sarah Ketchen, Shah Jillian, Eisenberg Daniel, Newman Michelle G, Taylor C Barr, Wilfley Denise E
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.
Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis.
Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2024 Mar 14. doi: 10.1037/sgd0000714.
Mental health disparities experienced by sexual and gender diverse (SGD) young adults are well documented. Yet, few studies have examined mental health disparities between SGD subgroups. Even fewer have investigated disparities that may exist for individuals whose SGD identities are nonmonosexual (i.e., diverse sexual orientations besides gay/lesbian) or gender nonbinary, who may experience exacerbated marginalization and disparities. The present study examines differences in weight and shape concerns and symptoms of depression, anxiety (general, panic, social, and posttraumatic stress), alcohol use disorder, and insomnia among sexually diverse (SD) subgroups (lesbian or gay, bisexual, queer, asexual, pansexual, multiple identities, and questioning), and gender diverse (GD) subgroups (trans man, trans woman, and nonbinary) of college students. We hypothesized that nonmonosexual students would have a greater mental health symptom burden than their monosexual peers and we explored additional subgroup differences among SD and GD subgroups separately. Kruskal-Wallis tests with Mann-Whitney post hoc tests were conducted to examine associations between mental health symptoms and sexual orientation and gender identity separately. Results show high mental health symptom levels among most subgroups. Some nonmonosexual SD subgroups were at particularly high risk; namely, pansexual students. Questioning and asexual SD subgroups had similar and lower symptom levels than their monosexual peers, respectively. SD subgroup disparities varied by mental health symptom type. No significant differences by GD subgroups were found. Clinicians and institutions should consider these disparities and future research should aim to better understand them.
性取向和性别多样化（SGD）的年轻成年人所经历的心理健康差异已有充分记录。然而，很少有研究考察SGD亚组之间的心理健康差异。更少有人研究那些性取向和性别多样化身份为非单一性取向（即除了男同性恋/女同性恋之外的多种性取向）或非二元性别的个体可能存在的差异，这类人可能会经历更严重的边缘化和差异。本研究考察了性取向多样化（SD）亚组（女同性恋或男同性恋、双性恋、酷儿、无性恋、泛性恋、多重身份和不确定）以及性别多样化（GD）亚组（跨性别男性、跨性别女性和非二元性别）的大学生在体重和体型担忧、抑郁症状、焦虑（一般焦虑、惊恐、社交和创伤后应激）、酒精使用障碍和失眠方面的差异。我们假设非单一性取向的学生比单一性取向的同龄人有更大的心理健康症状负担，并分别探讨了SD和GD亚组之间的其他亚组差异。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验和Mann-Whitney事后检验分别考察心理健康症状与性取向和性别认同之间的关联。结果显示，大多数亚组的心理健康症状水平较高。一些非单一性取向的SD亚组风险尤其高；具体而言，泛性恋学生。不确定和无性恋的SD亚组的症状水平分别与单一性取向的同龄人相似且更低。SD亚组的差异因心理健康症状类型而异。未发现GD亚组之间存在显著差异。临床医生和机构应考虑这些差异，未来的研究应旨在更好地理解它们。
