Shah Zahir, Iqbal Arshad, Badshah Syed Lal, Mir Mushtaq Ahmad, Sohni Saima, Ullah Hammad, Shah Shahid Ali, Bashir Nasreena, Ayaz Muhammad, Daglia Maria
Department of Biology, Edwardes College, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2025 Jul 22;20(1):74. doi: 10.1007/s11481-025-10230-5.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly associated with memory loss and difficulties in performing daily activities, particularly in the aging brain.
This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of macroalgae-derived polysaccharides from seaweed against scopolamine-induced amnesia, oxidative stress, and amyloid plaque (Aβ) production in rodents, following standard experimental protocols.
Three novel polysaccharides were extracted from Chara vulgaris, Cladophora glomerata, and Spirogyra crassa, namely: methylated pectin-type polysaccharides (PS1), methylated pectin-type polysaccharides (homo galacturonan and rhamno galacturonan, PS2), Ulvan-type polysaccharide, and xyloglucan polysaccharides (PS3). These polysaccharides were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques, including SEM, FTIR, XRD, H-NMR, and C-NMR. The polysaccharides were administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg to male albino mice exposed to scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for three weeks. To assess their neuroprotective effects, Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests, antioxidant enzyme assays (Catalase, GSH, LPO), and western blotting were performed.
The results showed that all three polysaccharides significantly (p ≤ 0.001) mitigated redox imbalance and reduced (p ≤ 0.001) microglial activation, thereby decreasing scopolamine-induced neuroinflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. Additionally, these polysaccharides improved neuronal synapses and cognitive function by modulating the NRf-2/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway.
The data analysis and graph generation were performed using GraphPad Prism software, version 5.0, with a significance level set at a p-value of < 0.05.
The findings highlighted the potential of these three novel natural polysaccharides as promising candidates for the treatment of scopolamine-induced oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，通常与记忆丧失及日常活动困难相关，尤其是在衰老大脑中。
本研究旨在按照标准实验方案，评估源自海藻的大型藻类多糖对东莨菪碱诱导的啮齿动物失忆、氧化应激及淀粉样斑块（Aβ）生成的神经保护作用。
从普通轮藻、团集刚毛藻和粗壮水绵中提取了三种新型多糖，即：甲基化果胶型多糖（PS1）、甲基化果胶型多糖（同型半乳糖醛酸聚糖和鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖，PS2）、岩藻聚糖硫酸酯型多糖和木葡聚糖多糖（PS3）。使用多种分析技术对这些多糖进行了表征，包括扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、氢核磁共振（H-NMR）和碳核磁共振（C-NMR）。将多糖以30mg/kg的剂量给予暴露于东莨菪碱（1mg/kg）三周的雄性白化小鼠。为评估其神经保护作用，进行了莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）和Y迷宫试验、抗氧化酶测定（过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽、脂质过氧化）以及蛋白质印迹分析。
结果表明，所有三种多糖均显著（p≤0.001）减轻了氧化还原失衡，并降低（p≤0.001）了小胶质细胞活化，从而减少了东莨菪碱诱导产生的神经炎症和β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）积累。此外，这些多糖通过调节NRf-2/TLR4/NF-kB信号通路改善了神经元突触和认知功能。
使用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件进行数据分析和图表生成，显著性水平设定为p值<0.05。
研究结果突出了这三种新型天然多糖作为治疗东莨菪碱诱导的氧化应激介导的神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病）的有前景候选药物的潜力。
