Cokdinleyen Melis, Dos Santos Luana Cristina, de Andrade Cristiano José, Kara Huseyin, Colás-Ruiz Nieves R, Ibañez Elena, Cifuentes Alejandro
Foodomics Lab, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Chemical and Food Engineering Department (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 20;16(24):4394. doi: 10.3390/nu16244394.
Systematic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease increasingly prevalent in the aging population. AD is characterized by pathological features such as -amyloid (A) plaque accumulation, tau neurofibrillary tangles formation, oxidative stress, an impaired cholinergic system, and neuroinflammation. Many therapeutic drugs have been developed to slow the progression of AD by targeting these pathological mechanisms. However, synthetic drugs, such as donepezil and memantine, can often lead to side effects. In this context, seaweeds have been drawing attention as a nutrient source and a potential source of health-improving metabolites. Studies have shown that extracts from brown macroalgae can potentially reduce the inflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, their bioactive compounds exhibit antioxidant properties vital in combating oxidative stress. Antioxidants, mainly carotenoids and phenolic compounds, have been linked to improved cognitive function and a reduced risk of neurodegenerative disorders by protecting neuronal cells through their ability to scavenge free radicals. In addition, omega-3 fatty acids found in certain macroalgae have the potential to support brain health and cognitive function, further enhancing their neuroprotective effects. In conclusion, this review has comprehensively evaluated the research conducted on brown macroalgae in the last five years, covering their potential bioactive compounds, methods of obtaining these compounds, and their neuroprotective properties against AD. The limited number of clinical studies in the literature highlights the need for further research. This narrative review provides a basic framework for new approaches to neuroprotective strategies, such as those associated with brown macroalgae natural resources. Furthermore, they may play an increasingly important role in developing functional foods and nutraceuticals that can support human health in preventing and managing neurodegenerative diseases.
系统性阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种在老年人群中日益普遍的神经退行性疾病。AD的特征在于多种病理特征，如β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）斑块积累、tau神经原纤维缠结形成、氧化应激、胆碱能系统受损以及神经炎症。许多治疗药物已被开发出来，通过针对这些病理机制来减缓AD的进展。然而，合成药物，如多奈哌齐和美金刚，常常会导致副作用。在此背景下，海藻作为一种营养来源和具有改善健康作用的代谢物的潜在来源，正受到关注。研究表明，褐藻提取物有可能通过抑制促炎细胞因子的表达来减轻与神经退行性疾病相关的炎症。此外，它们的生物活性化合物具有抗氧化特性，这对于对抗氧化应激至关重要。抗氧化剂，主要是类胡萝卜素和酚类化合物，通过清除自由基保护神经元细胞，与改善认知功能和降低神经退行性疾病风险有关。此外，某些大型海藻中发现的ω-3脂肪酸有潜力支持大脑健康和认知功能，进一步增强其神经保护作用。总之，本综述全面评估了过去五年对褐藻进行的研究，涵盖了它们潜在的生物活性化合物、获取这些化合物的方法以及它们对AD的神经保护特性。文献中临床研究数量有限，凸显了进一步研究的必要性。这篇叙述性综述为神经保护策略的新方法提供了一个基本框架，例如与褐藻自然资源相关的方法。此外，它们在开发能够支持人类健康以预防和管理神经退行性疾病的功能性食品和营养保健品方面可能发挥越来越重要的作用。
