Effect of motor speeds on traction performance of a single-motor electric tractor at various gear stages during plow tillage.

This study investigates the effect of motor speed on traction performance of a single-motor electric tractor during plowing at different gear stages. Field experiments were conducted at L-2500, L-2800, and M-2000 gear stages to analyze their impact on axle torque, traction efficiency (TE), dynamic ratio (DR), slip ratio, and battery state of charge (SOC). Soil texture was determined as sandy loam, with varying CI at different field sections. Results indicated significant differences in traction parameters across motor speeds, except forward speeds at L-2500 and L-2800. Coefficient of Variation (CV) suggested that plowing at higher speeds might result in instability. Rear axle torque exhibited the highest CV at L-2500 due to uneven soil conditions, grass, rocks, and implement vibrations. Traction performance confirmed the highest TE at L-2500 with a higher DR compared to L-2800 but slip ratio was significantly lower, ensuring energy waste. These findings demonstrate that plowing at L-2500 is the most efficient and suitable for this tractor. However, the tillage depth was not considered, which represented a limitation in determining the optimal motor speed for plowing. Results provide practical insights for users and manufacturers in selecting efficient motor speeds, enhancing the commercialization of electric tractors based on workload.