Chen C J, Cohen B H, Diamond E L
Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet. 1985 Aug;6(1-2):353-9.
In order to assess the relative and interactive importance of genetic and environmental components on the development of myopia in Chinese school children aged from 10 to 15 years, a population-based sample of 361 same-sexed twin pairs recruited through stratified cluster sampling was studied. Zygosity of twin pairs was determined by Mendelian traits, red cell antigen systems, and continuous dermatoglyphic characteristics; while myopia was diagnosed by both objective and subjective techniques. Studying and reading habit was obtained from cotwins and their parents through a life style questionnaire. Age-sex-adjusted concordance rate derived from multiple regression equation was used in the analysis. Conventional comparison of intrapair concordance between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins was used to assess the importance of a genetic component in the determining of myopia, and a significant genetic influence was observed. Environmental influence on myopia was evaluated through MZ cotwin method, and MZ cotwins with concordant studying and reading habits were significantly more concordant in myopia than those MZ cotwins with discordant habits. The possible effect of gene-environment interaction on myopia was explored, and concordance in myopia was found significantly associated with the interaction between zygosity and habit of studying and reading. These observations suggested that the impact of the environmental factor on the development of myopia may be influenced by genotype, and vice versa.
为评估遗传和环境因素对10至15岁中国学龄儿童近视发展的相对及交互重要性，我们对通过分层整群抽样招募的361对同性双胞胎进行了基于人群的样本研究。双胞胎的合子性通过孟德尔性状、红细胞抗原系统和连续皮纹特征来确定；而近视则通过客观和主观技术进行诊断。学习和阅读习惯通过生活方式问卷从双胞胎及其父母处获取。分析中使用了由多元回归方程得出的年龄-性别调整一致率。通过比较单卵双胞胎（MZ）和双卵双胞胎（DZ）之间的配对一致性，来评估遗传因素在近视决定中的重要性，结果观察到显著的遗传影响。通过MZ双胞胎方法评估环境对近视的影响，学习和阅读习惯一致的MZ双胞胎在近视方面比习惯不一致的MZ双胞胎更具一致性。我们探讨了基因-环境相互作用对近视的可能影响，发现近视的一致性与合子性和学习阅读习惯之间的相互作用显著相关。这些观察结果表明，环境因素对近视发展的影响可能受基因型影响，反之亦然。
