These authors are co-last authors; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020 Dec 11;117(50):855-860. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0855.
Myopia (near-sightedness) is increasing worldwide, especially in Asia. The aim of this study was to describe trends in the prevalence of myopia in Germany.
We analyzed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS; baseline survey 2003-2006, N = 17 640; wave 2, 2014-2017, N = 15 023). The presence of myopia was determined from a parent questionnaire and validated by the use of a visual aid. The population prevalence of myopia was calculated. Based on the KiGGS wave 2 data, potential risk factors for myopia were identified by means of logistic regression.
The prevalence of myopia at the age of 0-17 years in Germany was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [11.0; 12.2]) in the period 2003-2006 and 11.4% [10.7; 12.2] in 2014-2017. No age group of either sex exhibited a relevant, statistically significant change in the prevalence of myopia. In the adjusted model (adjusted for age, sex, family socioeconomic status, family history of migration), no association was found between myopia and use of digital media. More time spent reading books was associated with myopia: reading for more than 2 h/day showed an odds ratio of 1.69 [1.3; 2.2].
The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents in Germany has remained virtually unchanged over a period of approximately 10 years. Changes in media consumption, such as the increased use of smartphones in this age group, have therefore had no detectable impact on the development of myopia, at least not so far. Future studies should investigate the influences of further increases in media use and examine the long-term effects.
近视（远视）在全球范围内不断增加，尤其是在亚洲。本研究旨在描述德国近视患病率的趋势。
我们分析了德国儿童和青少年健康访谈和体检调查（KiGGS；基线调查 2003-2006 年，N=17640；第 2 波，2014-2017 年，N=15023）的数据。通过父母问卷确定近视的存在，并通过使用视力辅助工具进行验证。计算近视的人群患病率。基于 KiGGS 第 2 波的数据，通过逻辑回归确定近视的潜在危险因素。
德国 0-17 岁人群近视的患病率在 2003-2006 年期间为 11.6%（95%置信区间[11.0；12.2]），在 2014-2017 年期间为 11.4%[10.7；12.2]。任何性别年龄组的近视患病率均未显示出相关的、具有统计学意义的变化。在调整后的模型中（调整了年龄、性别、家庭社会经济地位、移民家族史），近视与数字媒体的使用之间没有关联。阅读书籍的时间与近视有关：每天阅读超过 2 小时的可能性比为 1.69[1.3；2.2]。
在大约 10 年的时间里，德国儿童和青少年的近视患病率基本保持不变。该年龄段智能手机等媒体使用量的变化对近视的发展没有明显影响，至少目前还没有。未来的研究应调查媒体使用量进一步增加的影响，并研究长期影响。
