Aminimoghaddam Soheila, Ghaderi Elahe, Zakaryaei Alireza
Gynecologist Oncologist School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Med Case Rep. 2025 Jul 22;19(1):360. doi: 10.1186/s13256-025-05418-5.
Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome is an uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome of erythrocytosis associated with benign uterine leiomyomas. Fewer than 70 cases have been reported globally, and clinical awareness remains limited.
We report the case of a 45-year-old Middle Eastern premenopausal woman who presented with a several-month history of abdominal distension and a hemoglobin level of 22.5 g/dL. Imaging revealed a massive subserosal uterine leiomyoma (190 × 181 × 115 mm). Following total abdominal hysterectomy with left salpingo-oophorectomy, her hemoglobin level normalized to 15 g/dL within days. Histopathological analysis revealed no evidence of malignancy, consistent with a diagnosis of myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome.
Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome should be considered in women presenting with unexplained erythrocytosis and large uterine leiomyomas. Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention can result in hematologic normalization and help prevent life-threatening thromboembolic complications.
肌瘤性红细胞增多症综合征是一种与良性子宫平滑肌瘤相关的罕见的红细胞增多症副肿瘤综合征。全球报道的病例少于70例，临床认知仍然有限。
我们报告了一例45岁中东绝经前女性病例，该患者有数月腹胀病史，血红蛋白水平为22.5 g/dL。影像学检查发现一个巨大的浆膜下子宫平滑肌瘤（190×181×115 mm）。在进行全腹子宫切除术加左侧输卵管卵巢切除术后，她的血红蛋白水平在数天内恢复正常至15 g/dL。组织病理学分析未发现恶性证据，符合肌瘤性红细胞增多症综合征的诊断。
对于出现不明原因红细胞增多症和大型子宫平滑肌瘤的女性，应考虑肌瘤性红细胞增多症综合征。及时诊断和手术干预可使血液学指标恢复正常，并有助于预防危及生命的血栓栓塞并发症。
