Shoibekova A Zh, Jantassov S K, Jantassova A S, Samatov A T, Sagindykov T S, Karimova A N, Serikbayeva G A, Toishimanov M R, Bari G T
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2025 Jul;29(4):559-567. doi: 10.18699/vjgb-25-59.
Grafting with resistant rootstocks is one of the most effective methods to prevent soil-borne diseases, and it can influence vegetative growth, flowering, maturation periods, and fruit quality, thereby ensuring high yields. In this study, four species from the family Cucurbitaceae were tested as potential candidates for grafting cucumber and melon: Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché, Cucurbita moschata L., Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita maxima Duch. The study focused on the grafting methods that optimize growth parameters and the accumulation of hormones and vitamins in rootstock. The results indicated that Cucurbita maxima Duch. is the most suitable rootstock material for grafting to Cucumis sativus L. and Cucumis melo L., as it exhibited superior plant and root mass. Among the two grafting methods tested, the tongue approach ('X') demonstrated the best results in terms of growth parameters and the accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and vitamins in the scion leaves. IAA and vitamin concentrations were measured using HPLC in grafted samples at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of age. In the 'X' method, IAA accumulation from the end of the second week was twice as high compared to control plants. This method also showed higher vitamin content, with increased levels of B vitamins and vitamin C at the end of the 4th week (25.2-135.1 and 52.3-67.0 %, respectively), and vitamins A, E, D3 , K starting from the 2nd week (1.5-2 times higher). Conversely, the insertion or slant cut grafting method ('Y') did not show any significant increase in the analyzed parameters and was comparable to the control. The 'X' method for grafting both Cucumis sativus L. and Cucumis melo L. onto Cucurbita maxima Duch. plants demonstrated the best results and is recommended for production.
使用抗性砧木进行嫁接是预防土传病害最有效的方法之一，它可以影响营养生长、开花、成熟期和果实品质，从而确保高产。在本研究中，对葫芦科的四个物种作为嫁接黄瓜和甜瓜的潜在候选品种进行了测试：黑籽南瓜（Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché）、南瓜（Cucurbita moschata L.）、西葫芦（Cucurbita pepo L.）和笋瓜（Cucurbita maxima Duch.）。该研究聚焦于优化生长参数以及砧木中激素和维生素积累的嫁接方法。结果表明，笋瓜（Cucurbita maxima Duch.）是嫁接黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）和甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）最合适的砧木材料，因为它表现出更优的植株和根系质量。在测试的两种嫁接方法中，舌接（“X”）在生长参数以及接穗叶片中吲哚 - 3 - 乙酸（IAA）和维生素的积累方面表现出最佳效果。在嫁接后2周、4周和6周的样本中，使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测量IAA和维生素浓度。在“X”方法中，从第二周结束时起，IAA的积累量是对照植株的两倍。该方法还显示出更高的维生素含量，在第4周结束时，B族维生素和维生素C的含量分别增加了25.2 - 135.1%和52.3 - 67.0%，从第2周开始，维生素A、E、D3、K的含量增加了1.5 - 2倍。相反，插入或斜切嫁接方法（“Y”）在分析参数方面没有显示出任何显著增加，与对照相当。将黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）和甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）嫁接到笋瓜（Cucurbita maxima Duch.）植株上的“X”方法显示出最佳效果，推荐用于生产。
