Boondech Atirada, Ainmani Phatthira, Khieokhajonkhet Anurak, Boonsrangsom Thanita, Pongcharoen Pongsanat, Rungrat Tepsuda, Sujipuli Kawee, Ratanasut Kumrop, Aeksiri Niran
Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
Access Microbiol. 2025 Jun 30;7(6). doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000986.v4. eCollection 2025.
Rice (.) is a vital global crop with a predominant presence in Asia, including Thailand. However, it faces a significant threat from bacterial blight disease, primarily caused by pv (). This research aims to provide valuable insights into the genetic virulence factors and genomic variations of strains isolated in Thailand. Furthermore, we present the first complete genomic database of Thai , offering a comprehensive resource for studying pathogen diversity, tracking virulence evolution and supporting disease management strategies in rice production. Our phylogenetic analysis unveils that the 20 Thai strains align with the Asian strains, setting them apart from African and US strains. Remarkably, the average nt identity values, in comparison with type strain 35933 (XO35933), consistently exceed 99%. These strains can be classified into three assigned ribosomal sequence types. Our investigation into the pangenome and the phylogenetic relationships of these 20 genomes reveals a diverse genetic landscape, with the pangenome comprising 11,872 orthologous gene clusters, of which roughly 30% form the core genome. Notably, all of these genomes exhibit a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas I-C array, indicative of their adaptive immune mechanisms. All strains belonged to BXO1 type LPS cassette with high identity. Furthermore, our analysis identifies two distinct types of plasmids, namely, pv. strain GX01 plasmid pXOCgx01 (A46, A57, A83, A112, D and E) and the strain AH28 plasmid pAH28 (A97). This genomic resource will be valuable for advancing research on surveillance, prevention, management and comparative studies of this critical pathogen in the future.
水稻（.）是一种重要的全球作物，在包括泰国在内的亚洲地区广泛种植。然而，它面临着由 pv（）引起的白叶枯病的重大威胁。本研究旨在深入了解泰国分离的菌株的遗传毒力因子和基因组变异。此外，我们首次展示了泰国菌株的完整基因组数据库，为研究病原体多样性、追踪毒力进化以及支持水稻生产中的病害管理策略提供了全面的资源。我们的系统发育分析表明，这20株泰国菌株与亚洲菌株一致，与非洲和美国菌株不同。值得注意的是，与模式菌株35933（XO35933）相比，平均核苷酸同一性值始终超过99%。这些菌株可分为三种指定的核糖体序列类型。我们对这20个基因组的泛基因组和系统发育关系的研究揭示了一个多样化的遗传格局，泛基因组包含11872个直系同源基因簇，其中约30%构成核心基因组。值得注意的是，所有这些基因组都表现出成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列-Cas I-C阵列，表明它们的适应性免疫机制。所有菌株都属于具有高同一性的BXO1型脂多糖盒。此外，我们的分析确定了两种不同类型的质粒，即 pv. 菌株GX01质粒pXOCgx01（A46、A57、A83、A112、D和E）和菌株AH28质粒pAH28（A97）。这种基因组资源对于推进未来对这种关键病原体的监测、预防、管理和比较研究将具有重要价值。
