Carpenter Sara C D, Mishra Prashant, Ghoshal Chandrika, Dash Prasanta K, Wang Li, Midha Samriti, Laha Gouri S, Lore Jagjeet S, Kositratana Wichai, Singh Nagendra K, Singh Kuldeep, Patil Prabhu B, Oliva Ricardo, Patarapuwadol Sujin, Bogdanove Adam J, Rai Rhitu
Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Plant Pathogen Interaction, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Oct 21;11:579504. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579504. eCollection 2020.
The rice bacterial blight pathogen pv. oryzae () constrains production in major rice growing countries of Asia. injects transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind to and activate host "susceptibility" () genes that are important for disease. The bacterial blight resistance gene 5, which reduces TALE activity generally, has been widely deployed. However, strains defeating 5 have been reported in India and recently also in Thailand. We completely sequenced and compared the genomes of one such strain from each country and examined the encoded TALEs. The two genomes are nearly identical, including the TALE genes, and belong to a previously identified, highly clonal lineage. Each strain harbors a TALE known to activate the major gene strongly enough to be effective even when diminished by 5. The findings suggest international migration of the -compatible pathotype and highlight the utility of whole genome sequencing and TALE analysis for understanding and responding to breakdown of resistance.
水稻白叶枯病菌株（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae）限制了亚洲主要水稻种植国家的水稻产量。该病菌会注入转录激活样效应因子（TALEs），这些效应因子会与对疾病至关重要的宿主“感病性”（S）基因结合并激活它们。普遍降低TALE活性的白叶枯病抗性基因Xa5已被广泛应用。然而，在印度以及最近在泰国都已报道了能克服Xa5的菌株。我们对来自每个国家的一个此类菌株的基因组进行了全测序和比较，并检查了编码的TALEs。这两个基因组几乎相同，包括TALE基因，并且属于先前鉴定出的高度克隆谱系。每个菌株都含有一个已知的TALE，该TALE即使在被Xa5削弱时也能强烈激活主要的S基因，从而有效致病。这些发现表明与Xa5兼容的致病型在国际间传播，并突出了全基因组测序和TALE分析在理解和应对抗性丧失方面的作用。
