Castro Paula S C C, Leopoldo Kae, Pedro Maria Olivia Pozzolo, Takitane Juliana, Bombana Henrique Silva, Negrão André Brooking, Scholz Jaqueline R, Castaldelli-Maia João Maurício
Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil.
Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-903, SP, Brazil.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2025 Jul 21;13(4):98. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy13040098.
: To systematically review the scientific literature on lysergic acid amide (LSA), focusing on its physical, neurobiological, and social effects, as well as its potential risks and therapeutic uses. : A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to December 2023, using keywords such as "ergine," "lysergic acid amide," and "legal high." Studies were included if they reported original human data on the physical, neurobiological, psychological, or social effects of LSA; seventeen studies were included. Animal studies, in vitro research, and non-original articles were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened and selected the studies, with a third resolving discrepancies. Data were extracted using a standardized form. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework. LSA is primarily consumed through preparations made from the seeds of Convolvulaceae plants. Reported effects include euphoria, hallucinations, nausea, and anxiety. Severe adverse outcomes, such as psychosis, hypertension, and hospitalization, have also been documented. Some evidence suggests its potential therapeutic application for cluster headaches. However, variability in dosing and misinformation on digital platforms heighten the risks associated with LSA use. LSA poses significant health risks, exacerbated by online misinformation and variability in its effects, and a lack of scientific studies. Further research is essential to clarify its pharmacological profile, establish guidelines for safe use, and raise public awareness about its dangers.
系统回顾关于麦角酰胺（LSA）的科学文献，重点关注其生理、神经生物学和社会影响，以及潜在风险和治疗用途。在截至2023年12月的PubMed、谷歌学术和科学网进行了系统回顾，使用了“麦角酰胺”“麦角酸酰胺”和“合法兴奋剂”等关键词。如果研究报告了关于LSA生理、神经生物学、心理或社会影响的原始人类数据，则纳入研究；共纳入17项研究。排除动物研究、体外研究和非原创文章。两名独立评审员筛选并选择研究，由第三名评审员解决分歧。使用标准化表格提取数据。该综述遵循PRISMA指南，并在开放科学框架上进行了前瞻性注册。LSA主要通过旋花科植物种子制成的制剂食用。报告的影响包括欣快感、幻觉、恶心和焦虑。严重不良后果，如精神病、高血压和住院治疗，也有记录。一些证据表明其对丛集性头痛有潜在治疗应用。然而，剂量的变异性以及数字平台上的错误信息增加了LSA使用的风险。LSA带来重大健康风险，由于在线错误信息、其影响的变异性以及缺乏科学研究而加剧。进一步研究对于阐明其药理学特征、制定安全使用指南以及提高公众对其危险性的认识至关重要。
