Honarmandrad Zhila, Fedorov Kirill, Boczkaj Grzegorz
Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
Water Res. 2025 Nov 1;286:124250. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.124250. Epub 2025 Jul 17.
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) along with acoustic cavitation are emerging techniques in wastewater treatment for degradation of toxic, refractory and non-biodegradable pollutants. The energy released during cavitation phenomenon has a number of applications in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In contrast this paper presents an effective activation of dithionite (DTN) under HC as advanced reduction process (ARP). The developed process of HC/DTN was tested for the first attempt to perform the reductive degradation of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) in water. The complete degradation of 2-NP was achieved within 15 min at optimal conditions of C 0.27 with r 8.33, pH 11, 20 ± 2.5 °C ensuring a synergistic index (ξ) of 9.47. These results demonstrated HC as an effective tool for DTN activation. The degradation of 2-NP was primarily contributed by sulfur dioxide anion radicals (SO) and hydrated electrons (e), while oxidizing radicals (i.e., HO and SO) played minor role. The degradation pathway of 2-NP in HC/DTN was proposed relying on the identified intermediates using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main intermediates of 2-NP degradation were aniline and hydroquinone confirming the combined ARP/AOP action of HC/DTN. The total treatment cost of 1 m of contaminated water by the developed HC/DTN process was estimated as 1.08 euros according to the economic feasibility analysis. Along with rapid degradation, simple instrumentation and ultra-low costs, HC/DTN offers a promising solution for industrial water treatment.
水力空化（HC）与声空化一样，是废水处理中用于降解有毒、难降解和不可生物降解污染物的新兴技术。空化现象中释放的能量在高级氧化过程（AOPs）中有许多应用。相比之下，本文提出了在水力空化条件下二连亚硫酸盐（DTN）作为高级还原过程（ARP）的有效活化。首次对开发的HC/DTN工艺进行了测试，以实现水中2-硝基苯酚（2-NP）的还原降解。在C为0.27、r为8.33、pH为11、20±2.5°C的最佳条件下，15分钟内实现了2-NP的完全降解，协同指数（ξ）为9.47。这些结果表明，水力空化是二连亚硫酸盐活化的有效工具。2-NP的降解主要由二氧化硫阴离子自由基（SO）和水合电子（e）贡献，而氧化自由基（即HO和SO）起次要作用。基于气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）鉴定的中间体，提出了2-NP在HC/DTN中的降解途径。2-NP降解的主要中间体是苯胺和对苯二酚，证实了HC/DTN的ARP/AOP联合作用。根据经济可行性分析，采用开发的HC/DTN工艺处理1立方米受污染水的总处理成本估计为1.08欧元。除了快速降解、仪器简单和成本超低外，HC/DTN为工业水处理提供了一个有前景的解决方案。
