Ndlovu Honest, Lawal Ismaheel O, Mokoala Kgomotso M G, Mdanda Sipho, Sathekge Mike M
Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Semin Nucl Med. 2025 Sep;55(5):804-811. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.06.013. Epub 2025 Jul 22.
The diagnosis of infection is crucial in-patient survival, prevention of prolonged hospitalization and undue morbidity and mortality. This can be achieved using various tools target at the specific microbes or the host immune response components. The most useful tool will be one that diagnoses the specific causative microbe by being able to distinguish sterile inflammation from infection which by itself causes inflammation. This allows timeous institution of the appropriate and effective antimicrobial therapy, effectively reducing the incidence of antimicrobial resistance. Current standard of care diagnostic tools such as inflammatory markers, culture, morphological imaging and molecular imaging tools has specific shortcomings which necessities enlist other tools to complement them. Various targets for infection imaging have been explored and demonstrated variable utilities in the preclinical or clinical settings. This review will discuss the relevant targets in bacteria, fungi and viruses and delve into the promising or novel molecular imaging tools.
感染的诊断对于患者生存、预防长期住院以及避免不必要的发病率和死亡率至关重要。这可以通过针对特定微生物或宿主免疫反应成分的各种工具来实现。最有用的工具将是能够通过区分无菌性炎症和感染（感染本身会引起炎症）来诊断特定致病微生物的工具。这使得能够及时开始适当有效的抗菌治疗，有效降低抗菌药物耐药性的发生率。当前的标准护理诊断工具，如炎症标志物、培养、形态学成像和分子成像工具，都有特定的缺点，这就需要借助其他工具来补充它们。已经探索了感染成像的各种靶点，并在临床前或临床环境中证明了其不同的效用。本综述将讨论细菌、真菌和病毒中的相关靶点，并深入探讨有前景的或新型的分子成像工具。
