Zhang Si-Wei, Hao Yanhui, Chen Jia-Xin, Chen Si-Yue, Yu Wen, Wu Jia-Ying, Li Cheng, Meng Xia, Wu Yan-Ting
Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.
Research Unit of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai 200032, China.
Environ Health (Wash). 2025 Mar 14;3(7):714-722. doi: 10.1021/envhealth.4c00185. eCollection 2025 Jul 18.
The influence of residential greenness on maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and fetal intrauterine growth remains understudied. This study examined the impact of residential greenness on GWG and fetal intrauterine growth and assessed the mediating role of GWG. The research included 29406 births in Shanghai, utilizing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to measure greenness within a 500 m radius (NDVI-500). The analysis employed a generalized linear model to assess the impacts of residental greenness on GWG, fetal growth and birthweight, and a mediation analysis to explore GWG's role between greenness and fetal development. Results indicated that significant benefits were observed with increased greenness, where each 0.1 unit increase in NDVI-500 was associated with reductions of 9.4% (95% CI: 5.5%-13.2%) in the risk of head circumference undergrowth and 8.5% (95% CI: 4.8%-12.2%) in estimated fetal weight undergrowth. Additionally, each 0.1 unit increase in NDVI-500 was associated with reductions of 9.4% (95% CI: 5.1%-13.5%) and 9.2% (95% CI: 6.2%-12.0%) in the risk of inadequate and excessive GWG, respectively. Notably, total GWG mediated 17.5% of the relationship between NDVI-500 and the birth weight. These findings suggest that enhancing residential greenness could be an effective public health strategy to improve pregnancy outcomes by promoting fetal growth and managing GWG, with the GWG partially mediating these benefits.
居住环境绿化对孕妇孕期体重增加（GWG）和胎儿宫内生长的影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究考察了居住环境绿化对GWG和胎儿宫内生长的影响，并评估了GWG的中介作用。该研究纳入了上海的29406例分娩，利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）来测量半径500米范围内的绿化程度（NDVI-500）。分析采用广义线性模型来评估居住环境绿化对GWG、胎儿生长和出生体重的影响，并采用中介分析来探究GWG在绿化与胎儿发育之间的作用。结果表明，绿化程度增加带来了显著益处，NDVI-500每增加0.1个单位，头围生长不足风险降低9.4%（95%CI：5.5%-13.2%），估计胎儿体重生长不足风险降低8.5%（95%CI：4.8%-12.2%）。此外，NDVI-500每增加0.1个单位，GWG不足和过多的风险分别降低9.4%（95%CI：5.1%-13.5%）和9.2%（95%CI：6.2%-12.0%）。值得注意的是，总GWG介导了NDVI-500与出生体重之间17.5% 的关系。这些发现表明，通过促进胎儿生长和控制GWG来改善妊娠结局，增强居住环境绿化可能是一项有效的公共卫生策略，其中GWG部分介导了这些益处。
