Jia Xiangyu, Li Qin, Deng Fenfang, He Jia, Zhou Jinhua, Sun Lili, Yuan Jun, Tan Lei
Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
Environ Health (Wash). 2025 May 5;3(7):818-830. doi: 10.1021/envhealth.5c00030. eCollection 2025 Jul 18.
Continuous low-level exposure to pesticides is inevitable in daily life. Previous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of pesticide exposure on lipid metabolism. However, population studies have focused primarily on individual pesticides and have short-term fluctuations, and the animal experiments used doses far higher than those exposed by the general population. In this study, urinary concentrations of metabolites of three classes of pesticides, including organophosphate, pyrethroid, and phenoxy carboxylic acid, were determined in 1858 participants of repeated cross-sectional biomonitoring programs from 2018 to 2022. We comprehensively analyzed the association of pesticide metabolites and pesticide exposure patterns with lipid metabolism biomarkers. The indirect effects of liver function markers in these associations were explored by using the structural equation model analysis. Generalized linear models showed that 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and para-nitrophenol were positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride. In contrast, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was negatively correlated with apolipoprotein B. Quantile g-computation and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression showed a consistent gradual increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but a gradual decrease in apolipoprotein B levels with increasing exposure to pesticide mixtures. By analyzing the exposure patterns of different categories of pesticides, we found that the population has a high level of exposure to organophosphate pesticides, which disrupts lipid metabolism more significantly than other pesticides. Liver function exhibited significant mediating effects in the association between pesticide exposure and lipid metabolism biomarkers. The results indicated that pesticide exposure was significantly associated with lipid metabolism, and this association may be modulated by improvements in liver function.
在日常生活中，不可避免地会持续低水平接触农药。先前的研究已经证明了农药接触对脂质代谢的不利影响。然而，人群研究主要集中在单一农药上，且存在短期波动，动物实验所使用的剂量远高于普通人群的接触剂量。在本研究中，我们测定了2018年至2022年重复横断面生物监测项目的1858名参与者尿液中三类农药（包括有机磷、拟除虫菊酯和苯氧基羧酸）代谢物的浓度。我们全面分析了农药代谢物和农药接触模式与脂质代谢生物标志物之间的关联。通过结构方程模型分析探讨了这些关联中肝功能标志物的间接影响。广义线性模型显示，3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇和对硝基苯酚与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯呈正相关。相反，3-苯氧基苯甲酸与载脂蛋白B呈负相关。分位数g计算和贝叶斯核机器回归显示，随着农药混合物接触量的增加，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平呈一致的逐渐升高，但载脂蛋白B水平逐渐降低。通过分析不同类别农药的接触模式，我们发现人群对有机磷农药的接触水平较高，其对脂质代谢的破坏比其他农药更为显著。肝功能在农药接触与脂质代谢生物标志物之间的关联中表现出显著的中介作用。结果表明，农药接触与脂质代谢显著相关，这种关联可能会因肝功能的改善而受到调节。
