Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
Chemosphere. 2024 Oct;365:143353. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143353. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
Continuous human biomonitoring and predictive modelling of urinary pesticide metabolites are critical for evaluating pesticide exposure trends and associated health risks. We conducted repeat cross-sectional surveys to determine the urinary concentrations of eight pesticide metabolites in the residents of Guangzhou, China, from 2018 to 2022. We longitudinally analyzed the changes in these metabolite concentrations over the years and assessed the potential non-carcinogenic risks by calculating the hazard quotient and hazard index. No significant differences were observed in the total urinary pesticide metabolite concentrations over the 5 years (9.16-12.99 μg/L). The urinary concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid reached their lowest levels in 2020 (1.47 and 0.11 μg/L). Conversely, urinary para-nitrophenol concentrations exhibited an inverse trend, peaking in 2020 (6.16 μg/L). The composition profiles of urinary pesticide metabolites showed that para-nitrophenol consistently constituted the largest proportion each year. Males consistently showed higher median concentrations of total urinary pesticide metabolites and individual metabolites of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and para-nitrophenol than females. The concentrations of cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in adults' urine were significantly higher than those in minors' urine each year. The total pesticide metabolite concentrations in adults' urine were significantly higher than those in minors' urine in 2018 and 2020, whereas no significant differences were observed in other years. No significant differences in urinary pesticide metabolite concentrations were observed among different BMI groups. Results showed that 14.17% of the population had hazard index values above 1, indicating a higher risk of health hazards. Three predictive models were employed to predict urinary pesticide metabolite concentrations for 2023-2024, revealing an increasing trend in 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol concentrations while other metabolites are expected to decrease. The study showed the concentration of para-nitrophenol peaked in 2020 while 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid reached their lowest levels, suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced pesticide exposure patterns.
连续的人体生物监测和预测模型对于评估农药暴露趋势和相关健康风险至关重要。我们进行了重复的横断面调查，以确定 2018 年至 2022 年期间中国广州居民的 8 种农药代谢物的尿中浓度。我们对多年来这些代谢物浓度的变化进行了纵向分析，并通过计算危害商数和危害指数评估了潜在的非致癌风险。5 年来，总尿中农药代谢物浓度无显著差异（9.16-12.99μg/L）。3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇和 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的尿中浓度在 2020 年达到最低水平（1.47 和 0.11μg/L）。相反，尿中对硝基酚的浓度呈反趋势，在 2020 年达到峰值（6.16μg/L）。尿中农药代谢物的组成谱表明，对硝基酚每年都是最大比例。男性的总尿中农药代谢物和 3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇、反式-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸和对硝基酚的个体代谢物的中位数浓度始终高于女性。每年成年人尿中顺式-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸的浓度均显著高于未成年人尿中浓度。2018 年和 2020 年，成年人尿中总农药代谢物浓度明显高于未成年人，而其他年份则无显著差异。不同 BMI 组的尿中农药代谢物浓度无显著差异。结果显示，14.17%的人群危害指数值大于 1，表明健康危害风险较高。采用三个预测模型预测 2023-2024 年尿中农药代谢物浓度，发现 3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇浓度呈上升趋势，而其他代谢物浓度预计下降。研究表明，对硝基酚的浓度在 2020 年达到峰值，而 3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇和 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸则达到最低水平，这表明 COVID-19 大流行可能影响了农药暴露模式。
