Wu Min, Hu Tian-Han, Wu Rang-Rang
Department of Histology and Embryology,Wuhu,Anhui 241002,China.
Experimental Training Center for Medical Information,Wuhu,Anhui 241002,China.
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2025 Jun 30;47(3):408-413. doi: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16309.
Objective To further clarify the anatomical features of the long occipital nerve and summarize the rapid anatomical method for it,thus providing an operational basis for anatomists.Methods The bilateral sides of the head and neck specimens of 38 adult formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected,with a total of 76 specimens.The lateral cervical region,the sternocleidomastoid region,and the occipital region were dissected.The dissection focused on the long occipital nerve,the location and adjacent structural characteristics of which were carefully observed.Results The long occipital nerve was dissected out from 76 specimens.Through the posterior margin line(PML)anatomical method,the long occipital nerve was identified 1-3 cm above the accessory nerve,near the posterior border of the deep surface of the upper sternocleidomastoid in 70(92.1%)specimens.Through the inflection point(IP)anatomical method,the long occipital nerve was observed within the range of the circle with a radius of about 1.5 cm and centered on the midpoint of the line between the tip of the mastoid process and the tip of the external occipital protuberance in 6(7.9%)specimens.Conclusions The long occipital nerve can be quickly found by the PML method or IP method.Although the long occipital nerve can definitely be identified by the IP method,the anatomical operation is difficult.
目的 进一步明确枕大神经的解剖学特点，总结其快速解剖方法，为解剖学工作者提供操作依据。方法 对38具成年福尔马林固定尸体的头颈部标本双侧进行解剖，共76侧标本。对颈外侧区、胸锁乳突肌区及枕区进行解剖，重点观察枕大神经，仔细观察其位置及毗邻结构特点。结果 76侧标本均解剖出枕大神经。采用后缘线（PML）解剖法，在70侧（92.1%）标本中，枕大神经在副神经上方1～3 cm、胸锁乳突肌上份深面后缘附近被找到。采用拐点（IP）解剖法，在6侧（7.9%）标本中，枕大神经在以乳突尖与枕外隆凸尖连线中点为圆心、半径约1.5 cm的圆范围内被观察到。结论 采用PML法或IP法可快速找到枕大神经。虽然IP法能确切找到枕大神经，但解剖操作难度较大。
