Advances in the Relationship Between Skin Tumor Occurrence, Development, Prognosis, and the Human Microbiome.

The human microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is widely distributed on the skin, in the oral cavity, in the gastrointestinal tract, and is also present in tumors. It is closely associated with the occurrence, development, and treatment of skin cancers and contributes to the formation of the tumor microenvironment. This review provides a detailed overview of the composition and origin of microorganisms in different types of skin tumors, focuses on the roles and mechanisms of microbiome in skin cancer, discusses their applications in the treatment of skin tumors, and outlines future research directions.