de Albuquerque Luciano A, Dos Reis Marcos Levi C M, Santana Débora de A, Oliva Sérgio T, Silva Maria Fernanda, Espino Magdalena, Gomez Federico J V, Dias Fabio de S
Departmento de ciências exatas e terra, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia 41195-001, Brazil.
Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2025 Oct 1;1264:124737. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124737. Epub 2025 Jul 16.
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, which confer medicinal properties, making it highly commercialized. Thus, this study aimed to develop a green method of ultrasound-assisted extraction using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) to determine bioactive phenolic compounds in propolis by HPLC-DAD. A mixture design was conducted to optimize the proportion of components in the NADES synthesis, evaluating the components lactic acid, glucose, and water. The best molar ratio was determined to be 2:1:30. To obtain the optimal experimental conditions for the phenolic compound extraction procedure using NADES, the factors NADES volume and sonication time were evaluated using a Doehlert matrix as the response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were 3.5 mL and 21 min, respectively. Analytical curves were constructed based on the peak areas of standard solutions of vanillic acid, rutin, gallic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, catechin, syringic acid, d-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid. The detection limits ranged from 0.09 to 0.4 mg L. The method presented good precision and accuracy and was applied to determining 12 phenolic compounds in three propolis samples. Furthermore, the proposed method was evaluated as a green alternative for determining phenolic compounds in propolis samples using AGREE and AGREEprep metrics. The final result of these metrics confirms that this method is aligned with Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles.
蜂胶是蜜蜂采集的一种树脂状物质，富含具有药用特性的生物活性酚类化合物，这使其具有很高的商业价值。因此，本研究旨在开发一种绿色的超声辅助萃取方法，使用天然深共熔溶剂（NADES），通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法（HPLC-DAD）测定蜂胶中的生物活性酚类化合物。进行了混合设计以优化NADES合成中各组分的比例，评估了乳酸、葡萄糖和水等组分。确定最佳摩尔比为2:1:30。为了获得使用NADES萃取酚类化合物过程的最佳实验条件，使用Doehlert矩阵作为响应面方法评估了NADES体积和超声处理时间等因素，最佳条件分别为3.5 mL和21分钟。基于香草酸、芦丁、没食子酸、反式肉桂酸、儿茶素、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对香豆酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸和芥子酸标准溶液的峰面积构建了分析曲线。检测限范围为0.09至0.4 mg/L。该方法具有良好的精密度和准确度，并应用于测定三个蜂胶样品中的12种酚类化合物。此外，使用AGREE和AGREEprep指标评估了所提出的方法作为测定蜂胶样品中酚类化合物的绿色替代方法。这些指标的最终结果证实该方法符合绿色分析化学（GAC）原则。
