Harish M N, Choudhary Anil K, Dass Anchal, Singh V K, Rajanna G A, Bana R S, Paramesh V, Varatharajan T, Bhupenchandra Ingudam, Sadhukhan R, Kumar Adarsh, Sachin K S, Teli K G, Singh S R K, Raut A A, Sannagoudar M S, Muniyappa L, Prasad H P N
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India; ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Jabalpur, 482 004, India.
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India; ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 001, India.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Sep;392:126668. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126668. Epub 2025 Jul 23.
Degradation of natural resources impairs environmental quality and sustainability of agricultural production systems. Conservation agriculture (CA) is a promising approach to ensure food security and agricultural sustainability. Likewise, plant nutrition especially phosphorus (P) optimization is highly essential for improved root architecture, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness under CA-management. Hence, current study assessed the influence of double zero-tilled bed-planting and optimized P-fertilization strategy on root architecture, carbon-phosphorus dynamics, and carbon management index in maize-wheat rotation (MWR) in south-Asian semi-arid agro-ecology. Results explained that CA based double zero-tilled permanent bed-planting (PRBZT) system harnessed higher root attributes over conventionally-tilled flat bed-planting (FBCT) system in MWR. Macro-aggregates, total water-stable aggregates, mean weight diameter and soil organic carbon under PRBZT system were 48.6, 11.5, 25 and 11.6 % higher over FBCT, respectively. PRBZT had ∼13.2-15.6 % enhanced soil phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, acid phosphatase activity and soil microbial biomass carbon over FBCT. In contrast, lability of soil organic carbon, pH, soil bulk density and micro-aggregates were found higher under FBCT. PRBZT plots had significantly higher soil carbon pools, carbon pool index, carbon management index, water-use efficiency over FBCT, partially addressing SDG-6 with enhanced water-use efficiency. The P-fertilization with P+PSB + AMF+2FSP had 12.3, 57.2, 4.3 and 70.2 % higher available-NPK and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria over P, respectively. The actual positive P-budgeting was revealed under CA, hence, addressing SDG-12. This study highlights that crop residue-retention @ 6 t hayear under double zero-tilled permanent bed-planting (PRBZT) system combined with optimized phosphate fertilizer management is an effective agro-technology with fertilizer-P savings of ∼34.7 % and a positive phosphorus budget in MWR. This may ensure optimal nutrient P-availability, minimal P-loss, and stabilized soil P-fractions vis-à-vis significant positive influence on soil carbon fractions and carbon management index in MWR in resource-constrained semi-arid south-Asia. Overall, PRBZT system combined with optimized phosphate fertilizer management may be recommended for enhancing productivity, root architecture, resource-use efficiency, and soil carbon pools in south-Asian Indo-Gangetic Plain Region, which directly support several SDGs; SDG-2 (Zero-hunger), SDG-13 (Climate action) and SDG-15 (Life on land) thereby advancing ecosystem-resilience and productivity in the ensuing South-Asian climate crisis.
自然资源的退化会损害环境质量和农业生产系统的可持续性。保护性农业（CA）是确保粮食安全和农业可持续性的一种有前景的方法。同样，在保护性农业管理下，植物营养尤其是磷（P）的优化对于改善根系结构、成本效益和生态友好性至关重要。因此，本研究评估了双零耕床作种植和优化磷肥策略对南亚半干旱农业生态区玉米 - 小麦轮作（MWR）中根系结构、碳磷动态和碳管理指数的影响。结果表明，在玉米 - 小麦轮作中，基于保护性农业的双零耕永久床作种植（PRBZT）系统比传统耕翻平床种植（FBCT）系统具有更高的根系属性。PRBZT系统下的大团聚体、总水稳性团聚体、平均重量直径和土壤有机碳分别比FBCT高48.6%、11.5%、25%和11.6%。与FBCT相比，PRBZT的土壤磷溶解细菌、脱氢酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、酸性磷酸酶活性和土壤微生物生物量碳提高了约13.2 - 15.6%。相反，在FBCT下，土壤有机碳的活性、pH值、土壤容重和微团聚体较高。PRBZT小区的土壤碳库、碳库指数、碳管理指数、水分利用效率显著高于FBCT，通过提高水分利用效率部分实现了可持续发展目标6。施用P + PSB + AMF + 2FSP的磷肥处理比仅施P处理的有效氮磷钾和磷溶解细菌分别高12.3%、57.2%、4.3%和70.2%。在保护性农业下发现了实际的正磷预算，因此，实现了可持续发展目标12。本研究强调，在双零耕永久床作种植（PRBZT）系统下每年保留6吨作物残茬并结合优化的磷肥管理是一种有效的农业技术，可节省约34.7%的肥料磷，并在玉米 - 小麦轮作中实现正磷预算。这可以确保最佳的磷有效性、最小的磷损失，并稳定土壤磷组分，同时对资源受限的南亚半干旱地区玉米 - 小麦轮作中的土壤碳组分和碳管理指数产生显著的积极影响。总体而言，PRBZT系统与优化的磷肥管理相结合，可能有助于提高南亚印度 - 恒河平原地区的生产力、根系结构、资源利用效率和土壤碳库，直接支持多个可持续发展目标；可持续发展目标2（零饥饿）、可持续发展目标13（气候行动）和可持续发展目标15（陆地生物），从而在南亚即将到来的气候危机中提高生态系统恢复力和生产力。
