Del Giudice Carmela, Rengo Carlo, Menale Ciro, Fu Chou Yu, Jovani Sancho María Del Mar, Spagnuolo Gianrico, Sauro Salvatore
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
J Dent. 2025 Oct;161:105997. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105997. Epub 2025 Jul 23.
This study aimed at developing specific experimental pulp-protection resin-based materials containing bioactive FDCP fillers and assessing their influence on essential functions of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs), including cytotoxicity, stemness, and cell migration, as well as their activation of mineralisation processes.
Experimental FDCPCs were synthesized incorporating varying concentrations of calcium and sodium fluoride salts (5, 10 and 20 wt%). A free FDCP filler (R-VS0F) served as the control group. The hDPSCs were exposed to eluates from these materials to assess cytocompatibility, self-renewal capacity and migratory behavior. The osteogenic differentiation potential was evaluated via Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining (ARS). Furthermore, the gene expression analysis assessed the expression levels of key osteogenic and odontogenic markers, including OCN, OPN, COL1α1, DSPP, MEPE, and DMP-1.
All tested FDCP fillers exhibited significant cytotoxicity at undiluted concentrations (1:1 dilution) under basal and osteogenic conditions, while no adverse effects on cell viability were observed at higher dilutions. The materials did not affect hDPSC migration; however, the R-VS20F formulation notably enhanced self-renewal capacity compared to other tested concentrations. FDCP fillers modulated early osteogenic activity, as indicated by increased ALP activity. Mineralization was not significantly influenced by any of the FDCP fillers. Notably, an upregulation of odontogenic gene markers-MEPE, DSPP, and DMP1-was observed, particularly in hDPSCs treated with R-VS0F.
This study highlights the potential of FDCP-based resin materials to modulate dental pulp stem cell behaviour in a concentration-dependent manner. Optimizing ion release profiles can enhance regenerative outcomes in vital pulp therapy, supporting the development of bioactive materials that may actively promote dentin-pulp complex repair.
本研究旨在开发含有生物活性氟代磷酸钙（FDCP）填料的特定实验性牙髓保护树脂基材料，并评估其对人牙髓干细胞（hDPSCs）基本功能的影响，包括细胞毒性、干性和细胞迁移，以及它们对矿化过程的激活作用。
合成了含有不同浓度（5%、10%和20%重量）氟化钙和氟化钠盐的实验性氟代磷酸钙（FDCPCs）。一种游离的FDCP填料（R-VS0F）作为对照组。将hDPSCs暴露于这些材料的洗脱液中，以评估细胞相容性、自我更新能力和迁移行为。通过碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和茜素红S染色（ARS）评估成骨分化潜能。此外，基因表达分析评估了关键成骨和牙源性标志物的表达水平，包括骨钙素（OCN）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、I型胶原α1链（COL1α1）、牙本质涎磷蛋白（DSPP）、基质细胞外磷酸糖蛋白（MEPE）和牙本质基质蛋白-1（DMP-1）。
在基础和成骨条件下，所有测试的FDCP填料在未稀释浓度（1:1稀释）下均表现出显著的细胞毒性，而在较高稀释度下未观察到对细胞活力的不利影响。这些材料不影响hDPSC迁移；然而，与其他测试浓度相比，R-VS20F配方显著增强了自我更新能力。FDCP填料调节早期成骨活性，表现为ALP活性增加。矿化未受到任何FDCP填料的显著影响。值得注意的是，观察到牙源性基因标志物MEPE、DSPP和DMP1的上调，特别是在用R-VS0F处理的hDPSCs中。
本研究强调了基于FDCP的树脂材料以浓度依赖方式调节牙髓干细胞行为的潜力。优化离子释放曲线可以提高活髓治疗中的再生效果，支持可能积极促进牙本质-牙髓复合体修复的生物活性材料的开发。
