Naderer Christoph, Sivun Dmitry, Haudum Stephan, Teasdale Ian, Jacak Jaroslaw
School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Science, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria.
Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria.
Nano Lett. 2025 Aug 6;25(31):11993-12000. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02804. Epub 2025 Jul 24.
We demonstrate that the newly designed amino acid phosphorodiamidate resins (APdA), containing vinyl reactive groups for polymerization, can be utilized to fabricate sub-100 nm features through 3D multiphoton lithography. We have quantitatively analyzed the feature size, Young's modulus, and functionalization of the nanostructures using atomic force and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Our results indicate that the polymer backbone, composed of either valine or alanine, imparts hydrophobic properties to the monomer, restricting the swelling of the polymeric nanostructure to 8% in aqueous environments. Despite minimal swelling, experiments revealed an up to 10-fold change of Young's modulus for dry versus wet conditions. To enhance the versatility of the APdA-based structures, we incorporated biotin functionalization and used it for the immobilization of extracellular vesicles. Hence, these findings highlight the potential of APdA-based nanolithography photoresists for biomedicine and nanotechnology applications.
我们证明，新设计的含用于聚合的乙烯基反应基团的氨基磷酸二酰胺树脂（APdA），可通过3D多光子光刻用于制造小于100 nm的特征结构。我们使用原子力显微镜和单分子荧光显微镜对纳米结构的特征尺寸、杨氏模量和功能化进行了定量分析。我们的结果表明，由缬氨酸或丙氨酸组成的聚合物主链赋予单体疏水特性，在水性环境中将聚合物纳米结构的溶胀限制在8%。尽管溶胀最小，但实验表明干燥与湿润条件下杨氏模量变化高达10倍。为提高基于APdA的结构的通用性，我们引入了生物素功能化并将其用于细胞外囊泡的固定。因此，这些发现突出了基于APdA的纳米光刻光致抗蚀剂在生物医学和纳米技术应用中的潜力。
