Brody Rebecca, Colombet Zoé, van Sluijs Esther, Chavez-Ugalde Yanaina
MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Public Health Nutr. 2025 Jul 25;28(1):e140. doi: 10.1017/S136898002510075X.
Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption varies with socio-economic status (SES) in adults, and evidence suggests that similar patterns exist in adolescents. However, the relationship remains understudied in this critical developmental group. This study aimed to further characterise adolescent UPF consumption and its relationship with SES by exploring dietary patterns within UPF consumption.
Using food-diary data, adolescents' UPF intake was quantified and categorised. Principal component and clustering analysis were used to identify dietary patterns. Associations of these dietary patterns with socio-demographic characteristics were then analysed.
Pooled data from the rolling, cross-sectional National Diet and Nutrition Survey, waves 1-to-11 (2008-2019).
UK adolescents (11- to18-year-olds) ( 3199).
Three UPF dietary patterns were identified: (i) the 'Restrictive' pattern, which included the lowest total consumption of UPF (95 % CI: 33·1, 34·9 % g/d), but elevated consumption of UPF often perceived as healthy, was associated with adolescents of a higher SES; (ii) the 'Permissive' pattern included 61·6 % g/d (95 % CI: 60·3, 63·0 % g/d) total UPF, dominated by 'ready-to-eat,' low nutrient-density UPF, and was associated with adolescents of a lower SES and (iii) the 'Traditional' pattern had moderate consumption of total UPF (95 % CI: 47·6, 50·9 % g/d) with higher intake of UPF used in home-cooking and had less distinct associations with SES.
Results suggest that SES impacts both the amount and type of UPF consumed by adolescents in the UK, underscoring the importance of this factor when designing interventions. Distinct dietary patterns within adolescents' high UPF diets have potential behavioural, nutritional and health implications.
成年人超加工食品（UPF）的摄入量因社会经济地位（SES）而异，有证据表明青少年中也存在类似模式。然而，在这个关键的发育群体中，这种关系仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在通过探索UPF消费中的饮食模式，进一步描述青少年UPF消费及其与SES的关系。
利用食物日记数据，对青少年的UPF摄入量进行量化和分类。采用主成分分析和聚类分析来确定饮食模式。然后分析这些饮食模式与社会人口学特征的关联。
来自滚动式横断面全国饮食与营养调查第1至11波（2008 - 2019年）的汇总数据。
英国青少年（11至18岁）（共3199名）。
确定了三种UPF饮食模式：（i）“限制性”模式，其UPF总消费量最低（95%置信区间：33.1，34.9%克/天），但通常被认为健康的UPF消费量较高，与较高SES的青少年相关；（ii）“放任型”模式，UPF总摄入量为61.6%克/天（95%置信区间：60.3，63.0%克/天），以“即食”、低营养密度的UPF为主，与较低SES的青少年相关；（iii）“传统型”模式，UPF总消费量适中（95%置信区间：47.6，50.9%克/天），家庭烹饪中使用的UPF摄入量较高，与SES的关联不太明显。
结果表明，SES会影响英国青少年食用UPF的数量和类型，这凸显了在设计干预措施时考虑这一因素的重要性。青少年高UPF饮食中的不同饮食模式具有潜在的行为、营养和健康影响。
