Xu Yan, Wang Xuesong, Zhou Xiaolei, Peng Lulu, Yuan Jiayi, Zhang Yichi, Wu Nan, Ye Junsong
Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China.
First Clinical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2025 Oct;56(4). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5593. Epub 2025 Jul 25.
In the complex development of various diseases, nitric oxide‑mediated S‑nitrosylation is increasingly recognized for its distinct regulatory function. Recent research has advanced our knowledge of how this nitric oxide‑dependent modification is dynamically controlled under both physiological and pathological conditions. S‑nitrosylation plays a key role in regulating mitochondrial function, gene transcription, cellular homeostasis and metabolism and it is also involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders, neurological conditions and cancer. The present review outlined the signaling pathways driven by nitric oxide and describes the formation, specificity and factors that influence S‑nitrosylation levels. It also compared the strengths and limitations of different detection methods for S‑nitrosation reactions. The present review discussed the cellular regulatory mechanisms affected by S‑nitrosylation to clarify how certain major diseases are connected to specific S‑nitrosylated proteins. These insights may guide the development of targeted repair strategies for malfunctioning proteins by focusing on defined S‑nitrosylation sites, offering theoretical support for disease intervention and treatment.
在各种疾病的复杂发展过程中，一氧化氮介导的S-亚硝基化因其独特的调节功能而越来越受到认可。最近的研究增进了我们对这种依赖一氧化氮的修饰在生理和病理条件下如何动态调控的认识。S-亚硝基化在调节线粒体功能、基因转录、细胞内稳态和代谢中起关键作用，并且还参与心血管疾病、神经疾病和癌症的发病机制。本综述概述了由一氧化氮驱动的信号通路，描述了S-亚硝基化的形成、特异性以及影响其水平的因素。它还比较了不同的S-亚硝基化反应检测方法的优缺点。本综述讨论了受S-亚硝基化影响的细胞调节机制，以阐明某些主要疾病如何与特定的S-亚硝基化蛋白相关联。这些见解可能通过聚焦于特定的S-亚硝基化位点来指导针对功能失调蛋白的靶向修复策略的开发，为疾病干预和治疗提供理论支持。
