College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230013, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Mar 27;72(12):6077-6088. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08332. Epub 2024 Mar 19.
Genomic studies in animal breeding have provided a wide range of references; however, it is important to note that genes and mRNA alone do not fully capture the complexity of living organisms. Protein post-translational modification, which involves covalent modifications regulated by genetic and environmental factors, serves as a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that modulates protein structure, activity, and function. In this review, we comprehensively summarize various phosphorylation and acylation modifications on metabolic enzymes relevant to energy metabolism in animals, including acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, β-hydroxybutylation, acetoacetylation, and lactylation. It is worth noting that research on animal energy metabolism and modification regulation lags behind the demands for growth and development in animal breeding compared to human studies. Therefore, this review provides a novel research perspective by exploring unreported types of modifications in livestock based on relevant findings from human or animal models.
动物育种中的基因组研究提供了广泛的参考；然而，需要注意的是，基因和 mRNA 并不能完全捕捉生物体的复杂性。蛋白质翻译后修饰，涉及受遗传和环境因素调节的共价修饰，是调节蛋白质结构、活性和功能的基本表观遗传机制。在这篇综述中，我们全面总结了动物能量代谢中与代谢酶相关的各种磷酸化和酰基化修饰，包括乙酰化、琥珀酰化、巴豆酰化、β-羟丁酸化、乙酰乙酸化和乳酰化。值得注意的是，与人类研究相比，动物生长发育对动物能量代谢和修饰调控的研究需求滞后。因此，本综述通过基于人类或动物模型的相关发现，探索家畜中未报道的修饰类型，为研究提供了一个新的视角。
