Mathew Tijin A, Varghese Teresa M, Krishnakumaran Nithya, Varghese George M, Haq Khwaja S, Khosla Akshita, Jacob Rojymon, Vaccaro Gina
Department of Internal Medicine, Southeast Health Dothan, Dothan, AL 36301, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Wellstar Spalding, Griffin, GA 30224, USA.
Diseases. 2025 Jul 4;13(7):211. doi: 10.3390/diseases13070211.
Cholangiocarcinoma, malignancies arising from the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, has increased in incidence in the United States over the past few decades. The reported incidence of cholangiocarcinomas is high, particularly in specific racial groups such as Asian and Pacific Islander patients. Race also significantly impacts disparities in healthcare utilization and clinical outcomes. Our study focused on the impact of race on admission, clinical outcomes, and disposition of cholangiocarcinoma.
We performed a retrospective analysis of cholangiocarcinoma-related hospital admissions, using the National Inpatient Sample for the year 2022. Patients were stratified according to race into the following groups: White, African American, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, and Other. The data analysis was performed using STATA/BE version 18.5. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the relationship between race and clinical and healthcare utilization outcomes.
In 2022, 7479 hospitalizations were recorded for cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. Among these, 65.99% were White, 13.27% Hispanic, and 10.13% African American. There was a statistically significant difference in gender distribution across racial groups ( < 0.001), with males comprising the majority in all groups. Males outnumbered females in all racial groups except among the Hispanic group. Significant racial disparities in mortality were observed, with White patients showing a mortality rate of 6.69%, compared to higher rates among African American (9.76%), Native American (8.51%), and Asian or Pacific Islander (8.09%) patients, while Hispanic (5.04%) and Other (5.88%) groups had lower rates ( < 0.001).
The study underscores the racial disparities among cholangiocarcinoma hospitalizations, with African American, Native American, and Asian patients facing disproportionately higher mortality and poorer in-hospital outcomes compared to White patients. This analysis highlights the healthcare strategies and policy reforms to promote equitable treatment by mitigating these disparities and to improve cholangiocarcinoma outcomes.
胆管癌是起源于肝内和肝外胆管的恶性肿瘤，在过去几十年中，美国的发病率有所上升。据报道，胆管癌的发病率很高，尤其是在特定种族群体中，如亚洲和太平洋岛民患者。种族也显著影响医疗保健利用和临床结果的差异。我们的研究重点是种族对胆管癌入院、临床结果和处置的影响。
我们使用2022年的全国住院患者样本，对与胆管癌相关的医院入院情况进行了回顾性分析。患者按种族分层为以下几组：白人、非裔美国人、西班牙裔、亚洲或太平洋岛民、美洲原住民和其他。数据分析使用STATA/BE 18.5版进行。应用单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型来评估种族与临床及医疗保健利用结果之间的关系。
2022年，美国记录了7479例胆管癌住院病例。其中，65.99%为白人，13.27%为西班牙裔，10.13%为非裔美国人。不同种族群体的性别分布存在统计学显著差异（<0.001），所有群体中男性占多数。除西班牙裔群体外，所有种族群体中男性人数均超过女性。观察到死亡率存在显著的种族差异，白人患者的死亡率为6.69%，而非裔美国人（9.76%）、美洲原住民（8.51%）和亚洲或太平洋岛民（8.09%）患者的死亡率较高，而西班牙裔（5.04%）和其他（5.88%）群体的死亡率较低（<0.001）。
该研究强调了胆管癌住院病例中的种族差异，与白人患者相比，非裔美国人、美洲原住民和亚洲患者面临着高得多的死亡率和较差的住院结果。该分析强调了医疗保健策略和政策改革，以通过减轻这些差异来促进公平治疗，并改善胆管癌的治疗结果。
