Girasole Marco, Longo Giovanni
Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ISM-CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Biosensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 15;15(7):455. doi: 10.3390/bios15070455.
Nanomotion sensors have emerged as a pivotal technology in microbiology and biology, leveraging advances in nanotechnology, microelectronics, and optics to provide a highly sensitive, label-free detection of biological activity and interactions. These sensors were first limited to nanomechanical oscillators like atomic force microscopy cantilevers, but now they are expanding into new, more intriguing setups. The idea is to convert the inherent nanoscale movements of living organisms-a direct manifestation of their metabolic activity-into measurable signals. This review highlights the evolution and diverse applications of nanomotion sensing. Key methodologies include Atomic Force Microscopy-based sensors, optical nanomotion detection, graphene drum sensors, and optical fiber-based sensors, each offering unique advantages in sensitivity, cost, and applicability. The analysis of complex nanomotion data is increasingly supported by advanced modeling and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, enhancing pattern recognition and automation. The versatility and real-time, label-free nature of nanomotion sensing position it as a transformative tool that could revolutionize diagnostics, therapeutics, and fundamental biological research.
纳米运动传感器已成为微生物学和生物学领域的一项关键技术，它利用纳米技术、微电子学和光学领域的进展，对生物活性和相互作用进行高灵敏度、无标记检测。这些传感器最初仅限于诸如原子力显微镜悬臂梁之类的纳米机械振荡器，但现在它们正扩展到新的、更具吸引力的装置中。其理念是将生物体固有的纳米级运动——这是其代谢活动的直接体现——转化为可测量的信号。本综述重点介绍了纳米运动传感的发展历程及其多样的应用。关键方法包括基于原子力显微镜的传感器、光学纳米运动检测、石墨烯鼓传感器以及基于光纤的传感器，每种方法在灵敏度、成本和适用性方面都具有独特优势。对复杂纳米运动数据的分析越来越多地得到先进建模以及人工智能和机器学习集成的支持，从而增强了模式识别和自动化能力。纳米运动传感的多功能性以及实时、无标记特性使其成为一种变革性工具，有望彻底改变诊断、治疗和基础生物学研究。
