Zha Jianrui, Wang Ruyi, Du Jing, Li Naisheng, Han Xiangna
Key Laboratory of Archaeomaterials and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
National Centre for Archaeology, 21A Zhuanjiaolounanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100013, China.
Gels. 2025 Jul 12;11(7):543. doi: 10.3390/gels11070543.
The removal of iron deposits on shipwreck surfaces by mechanical cleaning is labour-intensive work. This study develops an in situ gel and peeling cleaning method, utilising a carboxymethyl chitosan/tannic acid (CMCS/TA) colloidal solution spray on the surface of ferruginous deposits, promoting their removal by adhesion, chelation, and electrostatic bonding processes. The investigation confirmed that the CMTA-2 sample exhibited a sprayable viscosity of 263 mPa/s, the largest single removal thickness of 1.01 mm, a significant reduction in the fe/s atomic ratio by 2.53 units, and enhanced the deposit removal homogeneity. The field testing of the Nanhai I cultural relic showed a 14.37% reduction in iron concentration and a significant decrease in red colour (Δa* = 4.36). The synergistic mechanism involves TA chelating Fe/Fe ions, while the CMCS gel network facilitates interfacial adhesion and mechanical peeling, hence promoting efficient and controllable cleaning.
通过机械清洗去除沉船表面的铁沉积物是一项劳动密集型工作。本研究开发了一种原位凝胶和剥离清洗方法，利用羧甲基壳聚糖/单宁酸（CMCS/TA）胶体溶液喷涂在铁质沉积物表面，通过粘附、螯合和静电键合过程促进其去除。研究证实，CMTA-2样品的可喷涂粘度为263 mPa/s，最大单次去除厚度为1.01 mm，铁/硫原子比显著降低2.53个单位，并提高了沉积物去除的均匀性。南海I号文物的现场测试表明，铁浓度降低了14.37%，红色显著降低（Δa* = 4.36）。协同机制包括TA螯合铁/亚铁离子，而CMCS凝胶网络促进界面粘附和机械剥离，从而促进高效可控的清洗。
