Appiah Godfred Amoah, Babason Jerry John, Dziworshie Anthony Yaw, Abankwa Abigail, Bonney Joseph Humphrey Kofi
Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2025 Jul 15;10(7):196. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed10070196.
Arboviruses are a growing concern in many nations. Several reports of arboviral outbreaks have been recorded globally in the past decade alone. Repeated arboviral outbreaks in developing countries have consistently highlighted vulnerabilities in disease surveillance and response systems, exposing critical gaps in early detection, contact tracing, and resource allocation. The 2024 Dengue fever outbreak in Ghana, which recorded 205 confirmed cases out of 1410 suspected cases, underscored the urgent need to evaluate the country's preparedness for arboviral outbreaks, given the detection of competent vectors in the country. A retrospective analysis of Ghana's 2009-2013 pandemic influenza response plan revealed significant deficiencies in emergency preparedness, raising concerns about the country's ability to manage emerging arboviral threats. This review assessed Ghana's current arboviral outbreak response and preparedness by examining (a) the effectiveness of vector control measures, (b) the role of early warning systems in mitigating outbreaks, (c) laboratory support and diagnostic capabilities, and (d) community engagement strategies. It highlights the successes made in previous outbreaks and sheds light on several gaps in Ghana's outbreak response efforts. This review also provides recommendations that can be implemented in many countries across Africa as they brace themselves for any arboviral outbreak.
虫媒病毒在许多国家日益引起关注。仅在过去十年中，全球就记录了几起虫媒病毒爆发的报告。发展中国家反复出现的虫媒病毒爆发不断凸显疾病监测和应对系统的脆弱性，暴露了早期检测、接触者追踪和资源分配方面的重大差距。2024年加纳登革热疫情爆发，在1410例疑似病例中有205例确诊病例，鉴于该国发现了具备传播能力的病媒，凸显了评估该国应对虫媒病毒爆发准备情况的迫切需要。对加纳2009 - 2013年大流行性流感应对计划的回顾性分析显示，应急准备存在重大缺陷，引发了对该国应对新出现的虫媒病毒威胁能力的担忧。本综述通过考察以下方面评估了加纳目前对虫媒病毒爆发的应对和准备情况：(a)病媒控制措施的有效性；(b)预警系统在减轻疫情爆发方面的作用；(c)实验室支持和诊断能力；(d)社区参与策略。它突出了以往疫情爆发中取得的成功，并揭示了加纳疫情应对工作中的一些差距。本综述还提出了一些建议，可供非洲许多国家在为应对任何虫媒病毒爆发做准备时实施。
