Zaman Wajid, Khalil Atif Ali Khan, Amin Adnan, Ali Sajid
Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jul 14;15(14):1086. doi: 10.3390/nano15141086.
Nanomaterials have emerged as a transformative technology in agricultural science, offering innovative solutions to improve plant-microbe interactions and crop productivity. The unique properties, such as high surface area, tunability, and reactivity, of nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, and electrospun fibers, render them ideal for applications such as nutrient delivery systems, microbial inoculants, and environmental monitoring. This review explores various types of nanomaterials employed in agriculture, focusing on their role in enhancing microbial colonization and soil health and optimizing plant growth. Key nanofabrication techniques, including top-down and bottom-up manufacturing, electrospinning, and nanoparticle synthesis, are discussed in relation to controlled release systems and microbial inoculants. Additionally, the influence of surface properties such as charge, porosity, and hydrophobicity on microbial adhesion and colonization is examined. Moreover, the potential of nanocoatings and electrospun fibers to enhance seed protection and promote beneficial microbial interactions is investigated. Furthermore, the integration of nanosensors for detecting pH, reactive oxygen species, and metabolites offers real-time insights into the biochemical dynamics of plant-microbe systems, applicable to precision farming. Finally, the environmental and safety considerations regarding the use of nanomaterials, including biodegradability, nanotoxicity, and regulatory concerns, are addressed. This review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials to revolutionize sustainable agricultural practices by improving crop health, nutrient efficiency, and environmental resilience.
纳米材料已成为农业科学中的一项变革性技术，为改善植物与微生物的相互作用及作物生产力提供了创新解决方案。纳米材料（包括纳米颗粒、碳基材料和电纺纤维）具有诸如高比表面积、可调节性和反应活性等独特性质，使其非常适合用于营养输送系统、微生物接种剂和环境监测等应用。本综述探讨了农业中使用的各类纳米材料，重点关注它们在增强微生物定殖和土壤健康以及优化植物生长方面的作用。讨论了与控释系统和微生物接种剂相关的关键纳米制造技术，包括自上而下和自下而上制造、电纺丝和纳米颗粒合成。此外，还研究了电荷、孔隙率和疏水性等表面性质对微生物粘附和定殖的影响。此外，还研究了纳米涂层和电纺纤维在增强种子保护和促进有益微生物相互作用方面的潜力。此外，用于检测pH值、活性氧和代谢物的纳米传感器的集成，为植物 - 微生物系统的生化动态提供了实时洞察，适用于精准农业。最后，讨论了使用纳米材料的环境和安全考虑因素，包括生物降解性、纳米毒性和监管问题。本综述强调了纳米材料通过改善作物健康、养分效率和环境适应能力来彻底改变可持续农业实践的潜力。
