Chao Hongbo, Zhao Xue, Wang Fan, Li Xinjie, Feng Yizhen, Zhao Xuejie, Ma Jiacheng, Zhao Weiguo, Huang Jinyong, Li Maoteng
School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, Zhejiang, China.
School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2025 Jul 18;228:110274. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110274.
Brassica carinata has gained traction as an alternative biofuel feedstock in many countries, and serves as a well-known dual-purpose crop for both oilseed and leafy vegetable production. The purple varieties, which are rich in anthocyanins, are usually more eye-catching and beneficial to health. In this study, eleven cyanidin 3-glycoside-5-glucoside derivatives with different acyl modifications were characterized in two purple varieties of B. carinata (ZJC, which has an obvious purple stem, and ZJ, which has both purple stems and leaves) using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). In ZJ, the main anthocyanins are modified with a malonyl group at the C5 position, whereas such modifications are not found in ZJC. A total of 141 anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ABGs) were identified in the B. carinata genome, and these genes were combined with the comparative transcriptome analysis based on RNA-Seq of leaves and stem peel from two purple varieties and one green variety to investigate the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation. A comprehensive synthetic and regulatory pathway for anthocyanin biosynthesis was proposed for B. carinata, and the ABGs in the pathway, particularly the late biosynthetic and transport genes, were predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level in pigmented tissues. Furthermore, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor BcaB05. MYB114 was verified as a crucial and conserved regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis through its interactions with TT8 and TTG1 in Brassica species. This study opens new avenues for engineering anthocyanin-enriched B. carinata with improved horticultural quality.
埃塞俄比亚芥已在许多国家作为一种替代生物燃料原料受到关注，并且是一种著名的两用作物，可用于生产油籽和叶菜类蔬菜。富含花青素的紫色品种通常更引人注目且对健康有益。在本研究中，使用超高效液相色谱（UHPLC）系统与高分辨率质谱仪（HRMS）对两个埃塞俄比亚芥紫色品种（ZJC，其茎明显为紫色；ZJ，其茎和叶均为紫色）中的11种具有不同酰基修饰的矢车菊素3-糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷衍生物进行了表征。在ZJ中，主要花青素在C5位置被丙二酰基修饰，而在ZJC中未发现此类修饰。在埃塞俄比亚芥基因组中总共鉴定出141个花青素生物合成基因（ABGs），并将这些基因与基于两个紫色品种和一个绿色品种的叶片和茎皮RNA-Seq的比较转录组分析相结合，以研究花青素积累的潜在机制。提出了埃塞俄比亚芥花青素生物合成的综合合成和调控途径，该途径中的ABGs，特别是后期生物合成和转运基因，在有色组织中主要在转录水平上受到调控。此外，R2R3 MYB转录因子BcaB05. MYB114通过其在芸苔属物种中与TT8和TTG1的相互作用，被证实是花青素生物合成的关键且保守的调节因子。本研究为培育园艺品质改良的富含花青素的埃塞俄比亚芥开辟了新途径。
