Malik Hina, Singh Randhir, Kaur Simranpreet, Parmar Neha, Tyagi Anuj, Aulakh R S, Gill Jatinder Paul Singh
Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2025 Jul 25;44:386-393. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2025.07.013.
Unregulated use of antibiotics in animal-production leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli), posing significant public health threats. This study aimed to assess and compare the role of cattle and poultry, along with farmworkers, in the emergence and spread of ESBL E. coli using a human-animal interface approach in One-Health framework.
Twenty cattle and 20 poultry farms in Ludhiana, India, were surveyed to determine antibiotic usage and biosecurity in farms. Animal faeces/poultry droppings, farmworkers hand swabs, and stool samples were examined for the presence of ESBL E. coli. The isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes. Generalized linear mixed models explored the variations in ESBL E. coli prevalence based on farm animal species, practices, and biosecurity measures.
A higher prevalence of ESBL E. coli was identified in poultry (63.5%) compared to cattle (46%) and farmworkers (12%), which aligns with higher antibiotic use in poultry (85%) than cattle (70%). Most isolates (86.52%) were MDR, with poultry farm isolates having 97% MDR and 90.7% carrying the bla gene. Generalized linear mixed models analysis revealed improved biosecurity and low antibiotic use were associated with lower ESBL E. coli prevalence.
This study highlights cattle and poultry farms as reservoirs for MDR and ESBL E. coli, contributing to rising environmental burden of antimicrobial resistance genes. It underscores the need to reduce antibiotic use in animal farming, particularly poultry, to address emerging antibiotic resistance and protect both animal and human health.
动物生产中抗生素的无节制使用导致了多重耐药（MDR）细菌的出现，包括产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠杆菌（ESBL大肠杆菌），对公众健康构成重大威胁。本研究旨在采用“同一健康”框架下的人-动物界面方法，评估和比较牛、家禽以及农场工人在ESBL大肠杆菌出现和传播中的作用。
对印度卢迪亚纳的20个养牛场和20个家禽养殖场进行了调查，以确定养殖场的抗生素使用情况和生物安全措施。检测动物粪便/家禽粪便、农场工人的手部拭子和粪便样本中是否存在ESBL大肠杆菌。对分离株进行抗生素敏感性和抗菌耐药基因筛查。广义线性混合模型探讨了基于农场动物种类、养殖方式和生物安全措施的ESBL大肠杆菌流行率的变化。
在家禽中检测到的ESBL大肠杆菌流行率（63.5%）高于牛（46%）和农场工人（12%），这与家禽（85%）比牛（70%）更高的抗生素使用量一致。大多数分离株（86.52%）为多重耐药，家禽养殖场分离株的多重耐药率为97%，携带bla基因的比例为90.7%。广义线性混合模型分析显示，改善生物安全措施和减少抗生素使用与较低的ESBL大肠杆菌流行率相关。
本研究强调了养牛场和家禽养殖场是多重耐药和ESBL大肠杆菌的储存库，导致抗菌耐药基因的环境负担不断增加。它强调需要减少动物养殖中，特别是家禽养殖中的抗生素使用，以应对新出现的抗生素耐药性问题，并保护动物和人类健康。
