Weng Shuwei, Guo Xin, Ding Chen, Hu Die, Peng Daoquan
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Int J Endocrinol. 2025 Jul 18;2025:8880270. doi: 10.1155/ije/8880270. eCollection 2025.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health issue, with significant complications impacting patients' quality of life, including neuropathy, ophthalmic issues, nephropathy, and peripheral vascular complications. Although dietary factors influence T2DM risk, the specific impact of cheese consumption remains unclear. This study uses a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationship between cheese intake and T2DM, along with specific complications, including ophthalmic and peripheral vascular issues. Using summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we applied a two-sample MR approach. Genetic variants associated with cheese consumption were selected as instrumental variables, following criteria for genome-wide significance, linkage disequilibrium checks, and exclusion of pleiotropic effects. Robustness was assessed through various MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger. The MR analysis found that increased cheese consumption was significantly associated with a reduced risk of T2DM (OR = 0.639, 95% CI: 0.482-0.847, and value = 0.002) and its ophthalmic complications (OR = 0.386, 95% CI: 0.196-0.759, and value = 0.015). No significant associations were found with other complications, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and peripheral vascular complications. Sensitivity analyses confirmed minimal heterogeneity and pleiotropy, supporting the reliability of these findings. This study suggests a protective role of cheese intake in reducing T2DM risk and its ophthalmic complications, potentially informing dietary recommendations for T2DM management.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一个重大的全球健康问题，其严重并发症会影响患者的生活质量，包括神经病变、眼科问题、肾病和外周血管并发症。尽管饮食因素会影响T2DM风险，但食用奶酪的具体影响仍不明确。本研究采用两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）方法，调查奶酪摄入量与T2DM及其特定并发症（包括眼科和外周血管问题）之间的因果关系。利用大规模全基因组关联研究的汇总水平数据，我们应用了两样本MR方法。根据全基因组显著性、连锁不平衡检查和多效性效应排除标准，选择与奶酪消费相关的基因变异作为工具变量。通过各种MR方法评估稳健性，包括逆方差加权（IVW）和MR-Egger。MR分析发现，增加奶酪消费与降低T2DM风险（OR = 0.639，95%CI：0.482-0.847，P值 = 0.002）及其眼科并发症（OR = 0.386，95%CI：0.196-0.759，P值 = 0.015）显著相关。未发现与其他并发症（包括神经病变、肾病和外周血管并发症）有显著关联。敏感性分析证实异质性和多效性极小，支持这些发现的可靠性。本研究表明，摄入奶酪在降低T2DM风险及其眼科并发症方面具有保护作用，可能为T2DM管理的饮食建议提供参考。
