水稻中的氨基酸调控：综合机制与农业应用

Amino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural Applications.

作者信息

Luo Hangfei, Wu Bowen, Amin Bakht, Li Jiaxu, Chen Zhongbo, Shi Jian, Huang Weiting, Fang Zhongming

机构信息

Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.

出版信息

Rice (N Y). 2025 Jul 28;18(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12284-025-00829-w.

DOI:10.1186/s12284-025-00829-w

PMID:40719946

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12304346/

Abstract

This review synthesizes how amino acid (AA) metabolism regulates rice stress tolerance, growth and quality through stress protection and growth-modulating pathways, bridging mechanisms to field applications. Under abiotic stresses, rice accumulates specific AAs-notably proline (Pro), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and branched-chain AAs (BCAAs)-as osmoprotectants and antioxidants, correlating strongly with stress tolerance. Genetic evidence establishes causality: overexpression of biosynthetic genes (e.g., OsOAT for Pro, OsDIAT for BCAAs), while suppressing catabolism (e.g., OsProDH knockout) or engineering AA transporters (AATs) (e.g., ABA-induced OsANT1 for amino acids redistribution) enhances tolerance. Integrated AA biosynthetic, catabolic, and transport pathways collectively maintain cellular function under stress. These insights enable practical strategies: exogenous AA treatments (e.g., Pro, GABA) mitigate stress damage, while breeding/engineering (e.g., OsAAP3, OsAAP11, and OsProDH knockout) develops high-yield, high-quality, and stress-tolerant rice. Future work should translate molecular insights into field applications, addressing trade-offs between growth, nutrition, and tolerance to enhance climate-resilient rice production.

摘要

本综述综合阐述了氨基酸（AA）代谢如何通过应激保护和生长调节途径来调控水稻的胁迫耐受性、生长和品质，并将这些机制与田间应用联系起来。在非生物胁迫下，水稻会积累特定的氨基酸，特别是脯氨酸（Pro）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和支链氨基酸（BCAAs），作为渗透保护剂和抗氧化剂，与胁迫耐受性密切相关。遗传学证据证实了因果关系：生物合成基因（如Pro的OsOAT、BCAAs的OsDIAT）的过表达，同时抑制分解代谢（如敲除OsProDH）或改造氨基酸转运体（AATs）（如ABA诱导的用于氨基酸重新分配的OsANT1）可增强耐受性。整合的AA生物合成、分解代谢和运输途径共同维持胁迫下的细胞功能。这些见解为实际策略提供了依据：外源氨基酸处理（如Pro、GABA）可减轻胁迫损伤，而育种/基因工程（如敲除OsAAP3、OsAAP11和OsProDH）可培育出高产、优质且耐胁迫的水稻。未来的工作应将分子层面的见解转化为田间应用，解决生长、营养和耐受性之间的权衡问题，以提高适应气候变化的水稻产量。