Maleki Hamid Hatami, Vaezi Behrouz, Pirooz Reza, Darvishzadeh Reza, Modareskia Mohsen, Dadashi Somayyeh, Niedbała Gniewko
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yasuj, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 28;15(1):27379. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13756-z.
Rain-fed regions have a low quantity of rainfall with an asymmetric distribution. Therefore, by promoting plants like Lathyrus sativus L., as a legume adapted to unfavorable environments, genotypes with high fodder capacity under such conditions would assist food security worldwide. Here, 16 grass pea genotypes were examined in four rain-fed regions during 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019. Dry fodder yield (DY), plant height (PH), days to flowering (DF), and wet fodder yield (WY) were recorded across 12 test environments. Regarding MLM analysis of variance, LRT and LRT were significant for all studied traits. Phenotypic variance ranged between 1.42 (DY) to 86.9 (PH). Results showed the possibility of grass pea improvement through selection regarding calculated accuracy of selection (> 0.5). PLS regression emphasized the significant role of rainfall during December, January, February, March and April on DY and WY of grass pea. The DY of 16 genotypes across environments varied between 3.4 t/ha (G12 and G16) to 4.6 t/ha (G11). The WY also varied between 16.9 t/ha (G12) and 22.0 t/ha (G8). AMMI analysis revealed G2, and G6 and BLUP-based indices showed G8, and G11 as climate-resilient genotypes with stable DY and WY in rain-fed regions. In this study, WAASB×DY and WAASB×WY plots with equal weights of 50/50 for stability and performance showed G2, G6 as stable genotypes with high DY and WY values. Simultaneous selection based on overall recorded traits using MTSI index addressed G9 > G2 as promising genotypes. Although the polygon view of genotype by yield*trait depicted G1 and G11 as promising grass pea genotypes but G2, and G9 also had positive intermediate superiority indexes without any weakness considering studied traits. It is concluded WAASB×yield > AMMI > BLUP in terms of comprehensiveness in yield stability analysis of grass pea. Also, superiority index as complementary statistics could be incorporated into simultaneous multi-trait stability approaches for achieving exact selection. The identified grass pea genotypes have promising potential in rain-fed regions and could be good candidates for commercial production.
雨养地区降雨量少且分布不均。因此，推广种植像草豌豆（Lathyrus sativus L.）这样适应不利环境的豆科植物，在此类条件下具有高饲料产量的基因型将有助于全球粮食安全。在此，在2016 - 2017年、2017 - 2018年和2018 - 2019年期间，对16种草豌豆基因型在四个雨养地区进行了研究。在12个试验环境中记录了干饲料产量（DY）、株高（PH）、开花天数（DF）和湿饲料产量（WY）。关于多基因混合模型（MLM）方差分析，似然比检验（LRT）对所有研究性状均显著。表型方差在1.42（DY）至86.9（PH）之间。结果表明，通过选择（计算的选择准确性> 0.5），草豌豆有改良的可能性。偏最小二乘（PLS）回归强调了12月、1月、2月、3月和4月的降雨量对草豌豆DY和WY的重要作用。16个基因型在不同环境下的DY在3.4吨/公顷（G12和G16）至4.6吨/公顷（G11）之间变化。WY也在16.9吨/公顷（G12）和22.0吨/公顷（G8）之间变化。加性主效应和乘积交互效应（AMMI）分析表明G2和G6，基于最佳线性无偏预测（BLUP）的指数表明G8和G11是雨养地区具有稳定DY和WY的气候适应型基因型。在本研究中，稳定性和性能权重均为50/50的WAASB×DY和WAASB×WY图表明G2、G6是具有高DY和WY值的稳定基因型。使用多性状选择指数（MTSI）基于总体记录性状进行同时选择表明G9 > G2是有前景的基因型。尽管产量*性状的基因型多边形视图将G1和G11描绘为有前景的草豌豆基因型，但G2和G9在考虑研究性状时也具有正的中间优势指数且没有任何劣势。得出在草豌豆产量稳定性分析的全面性方面，WAASB×产量> AMMI > BLUP。此外，优势指数作为补充统计量可纳入同时多性状稳定性方法以实现精确选择。所鉴定的草豌豆基因型在雨养地区具有有前景的潜力，可能是商业生产的良好候选品种。
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